{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T23:52:55Z","timestamp":1773964375263,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42271082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42271082"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021LNEF01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021LNEF01"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of the United Laboratory of Numerical Earthquake Forecasting","award":["42271082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42271082"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of the United Laboratory of Numerical Earthquake Forecasting","award":["2021LNEF01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021LNEF01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In view of the fact that there is no unified understanding of the GNSS horizontal velocity field in the Beijing Plain and the serious land subsidence in this area, we collected GNSS data from 2011 to 2021 and Sentinel 1A data from 2017 to 2021 and conducted high-precision GNSS data processing and PS-InSAR verification in order to determine the reason for the differences in the GNSS horizontal velocity field in the Beijing Plain. The results show that, under the stable Eurasian framework, the horizontal velocity of GNSS stations in the Beijing Plain is significantly inconsistent. The velocity of all GNSS stations ranged from \u22121.32 to 10.41 mm\/yr in the E component and from \u22128.83 to 3.00 mm\/yr in the N component. From 2011 to 2021, there was significant uneven land subsidence in the Beijing Plain, and the maximum land subsidence rate from 2017 to 2021 reached 107 mm\/yr. In analyzing the observation data of the GNSS and InSAR, we conclude that the land subsidence in the Beijing Plain will indeed affect the GNSS horizontal velocity field in the subsidence area. Under the EURA_I08 reference framework, the horizontal deformation field in the Beijing Plain is mainly caused by the tectonic activity-derived overall SEE-direction movement, accompanied by the velocity field anomaly caused by local land subsidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15030787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T10:19:28Z","timestamp":1675073968000},"page":"787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["GNSS Horizontal Motion Field in the Beijing Plain in View of The Variation Characteristics of The 3D Deformation Field"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Shunqiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"given":"Tan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing 100045, China"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6109","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JB013098","article-title":"ITRF2014: A new release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame modeling nonlinear station motions","volume":"121","author":"Altamimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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