{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T02:23:45Z","timestamp":1773800625538,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Animal production in the future: tools to support decision making in pasture management and transfer of technology (PecFuturo)","award":["22.16.05.021.00.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22.16.05.021.00.00"]}]},{"name":"Animal production in the future: tools to support decision making in pasture management and transfer of technology (PecFuturo)","award":["22.16.05.021.00.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22.16.05.021.00.00"]}]},{"name":"Animal production in the future: tools to support decision making in pasture management and transfer of technology (PecFuturo)","award":["22.16.05.021.00.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22.16.05.021.00.00"]}]},{"name":"Animal production in the future: tools to support decision making in pasture management and transfer of technology (PecFuturo)","award":["22.16.05.021.00.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22.16.05.021.00.00"]}]},{"name":"Sustainable Rural Project \u2013 Cerrado","award":["22.16.05.021.00.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22.16.05.021.00.00"]}]},{"name":"Sustainable Rural Project \u2013 Cerrado","award":["22.16.05.021.00.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22.16.05.021.00.00"]}]},{"name":"Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement (CAPES)","award":["22.16.05.021.00.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22.16.05.021.00.00"]}]},{"name":"Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement (CAPES)","award":["22.16.05.021.00.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22.16.05.021.00.00"]}]},{"name":"The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["22.16.05.021.00.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22.16.05.021.00.00"]}]},{"name":"The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["22.16.05.021.00.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22.16.05.021.00.00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The operational slowness in the execution of direct methods for estimating forage mass, an important variable for defining the animal stocking rate, gave rise to the need for methods with faster responses and greater territorial coverage. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate a method to estimate the mass of Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piat\u00e3 in shaded and full sun systems, through proximal sensing applied to the Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER) model, applied with the Monteith Radiation Use Efficiency (RUE) model. The study was carried out in the experimental area of Fazenda Canchim, a research center of Embrapa Pecu\u00e1ria Sudeste, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil (21\u00b057\u2032S, 47\u00b050\u2032W, 860 m), with collections of forage mass and reflectance in the silvopastoral systems animal production and full sun. Reflectance data, as well as meteorological data obtained by a weather station installed in the study area, were used as input for the SAFER model and, later, for the radiation use efficiency model to calculate the fresh mass of forage. The forage collected in the field was sent to the laboratory, separated, weighed and dried, generating the variables of pasture total dry mass), total leaf dry mass, leaf and stalk dry mass and leaf area index. With the variables of pasture, in situ, and fresh mass, obtained from SAFER, the training regression model, in which 80% were used for training and 20% for testing the models. The SAFER was able to promisingly express the behavior of forage variables, with a significant correlation with all of them. The variables that obtained the best estimation performance model were the dry mass of leaves and stems and the dry mass of leaves in silvopastoral and full sun systems, respectively. It was concluded that the association of the SAFER model with the proximal sensor allowed us to obtain a fast, precise and accurate forage estimation method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15030815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T05:33:53Z","timestamp":1675229633000},"page":"815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Forage Mass Estimation in Silvopastoral and Full Sun Systems: Evaluation through Proximal Remote Sensing Applied to the SAFER Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Samira","family":"Luns Hatum de Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884900, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jarlyson","family":"Brunno Costa Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884900, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6547-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Furlan Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Environment, Campinas 13918110, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5462-6090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Ricardo Macedo Pezzopane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeast Livestock, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560970, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Heriberto de Castro Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Resources Program (PRORH), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100000, SE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8318-6477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiam","family":"Bosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeast Livestock, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560970, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4247-4477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Adami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amazon Spatial Coordination, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227900, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Zerbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884900, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Carlos de Campos Bernardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeast Livestock, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560970, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5312-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Bayma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Environment, Campinas 13918110, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8852-2548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rouverson","family":"Pereira da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884900, SP, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"A multisensoral approach for high-resolution land cover and pasture degradation mapping in the humid tropics: A case study of the fragmented landscape of Rio de Janeiro","volume":"78","author":"Torres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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