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National Geophysical Observatory","award":["41831071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41831071"]}]},{"name":"the Joint Open Fund of Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory","award":["XDB41000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB41000000"]}]},{"name":"the Joint Open Fund of Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory","award":["D020105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D020105"]}]},{"name":"the Joint Open Fund of Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory","award":["YD3420002004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YD3420002004"]}]},{"name":"the Joint Open Fund of Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory","award":["2008085MD113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008085MD113"]}]},{"name":"the Joint Open Fund of Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory","award":["MENGO-202209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MENGO-202209"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we present nearly 9 years of the quasi16-day wave (Q16DW) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) wind at middle latitudes based on long-term wind observations between April 2014 and December 2022 by the Mengcheng (33.4\u00b0N, 116.5\u00b0E) meteor radar. There are two maxima in the Q16DW amplitude in the winter and early spring (near the equinox) and a minimum during the summer. The Q16DWs are relatively weak in meridional winds with no obvious seasonal variations. On average, the phase of the zonal Q16DW is larger than the meridional components with a mean difference that is slightly less than 90\u00b0, which suggests that there are orthogonal relationships between them. During the bursts of Q16DW, the periods in winter range between 15 and 18 d, whereas in summer, the periods of the planetary waves have a wider range. The wintertime Q16DW anomalies are, on average, amplified when the zonal wind shear anomalies increase, suggesting that barotropic instability may be a source of the Q16DW. Although the interannual variability of Q16DW amplitudes has been suggested observationally, there is no significant relationship between the interannual wind shear variability and Q16DW at most altitudes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15030830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T03:47:33Z","timestamp":1675309653000},"page":"830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Observed Quasi 16-Day Wave by Meteor Radar over 9 Years at Mengcheng (33.4\u00b0N, 116.5\u00b0E) and Comparison with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Simulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9984-637X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8395-4296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dexin","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3717-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Jianfei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Xianghui","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory for the Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5100-4429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory for the Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Tingdi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Xiankang","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory for the Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-016-3046-2","article-title":"Global Normal Mode Planetary Wave Activity: A Study Using TIMED\/SABER Observations from the Stratosphere to the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere","volume":"47","author":"John","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clim. 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