{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:50:48Z","timestamp":1760147448916,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42261006","2022SKL007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42261006","2022SKL007"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment","award":["42261006","2022SKL007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42261006","2022SKL007"]}]},{"name":"Tianshan Talent Project (Phase III) of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["42261006","2022SKL007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42261006","2022SKL007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Missing data is a common issue in remote sensing. Data reconstruction through multiple satellite data sources has become one of the most powerful ways to solve this issue. Continuous monitoring of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in arid lakes is vital for water quality solutions. Therefore, this research aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of two image reconstruction strategies, spatio-temporal fusion reflectance image inversion SPM and SPM spatio-temporal fusion, based on the measured SPM concentration data with Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3. The results show that (1) ESTARFM (Enhanced Spatio-temporal Adaptive Reflection Fusion Model) performed better than FSDAF (Flexible Spatio-temporal Data Fusion) in the fusion image generation, particularly the red band, followed by the blue, green, and NIR (near-infrared) bands. (2) A single-band linear and non-linear regression model was constructed based on Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3. Analysis of the accuracy and stability of the model led us to the conclusion that the red band model performs well, is fast to model, and has a wide range of applications (Sentinel-2, Sentinel-3, and fused high-accuracy images). (3) By comparing the two data reconstruction strategies of spatio-temporal fused image inversion SPM and spatio-temporal fused SPM concentration map, we found that the fused SPM concentration map is more effective and more stable when applied to multiple fused images. The findings can provide an important scientific reference value for further expanding the inversion research of other water quality parameters in the future and provide a theoretical basis as well as technical support for the scientific management of Ebinur Lake\u2019s ecology and environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15040872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T05:29:05Z","timestamp":1675661345000},"page":"872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reconstruction of Sentinel Images for Suspended Particulate Matter Monitoring in Arid Regions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Pan","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1194-8513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4052-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Yung","family":"Jim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences, Education University of Hong Kong, Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3939-0336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mou Leong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoInformatic Unit, Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingchao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Earth Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changjiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Aksu 843000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography Science and State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29033","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17886-5","article-title":"Assessing the factors influencing water quality using environment water quality index and partial least squares structural equation model in the Ebinur Lake Watershed, Xinjiang, China","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. 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