{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T07:43:04Z","timestamp":1771659784394,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB0804103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0804103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Intelligent Social Development Strategy Research Center","award":["2018YFB0804103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0804103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to save frequency resources, a new remote sensing satellite service can gradually adopt relay cooperation transmission to realize the same frequency and common channel transmission of multiple data. To solve the problem of mutual interference between messages, this study proposes a universal model of relay cooperative channel transmission, and the separation mechanism of heterogeneous signals for simultaneous unicast and multicast transmission is also studied. In this study, a signal space is used to reconstruct the degrees of freedom, and an orthogonalized spatial alignment direction is designed to obtain the equivalent parallel transmission channel. We also propose a constellation point remapping scheme under the optimal constraint of spatial separation of transmission signals. Furthermore, we merge constellation points to solve the problem of fuzzy mapping of physical layer network coding. The simulation results show that the co-channel transmission with interference suppression can be realized when the equivalent degrees of freedom of the signal intersection subspace is not less than dpK(K\u22121)+dcK. The Euclidean distance between constellation points is increased by constructing orthogonal signal spatial alignment directions, which brings an additional BER performance gain of 2 dB. If the signal alignment direction and channel quality are jointly designed, the transmission quality can be further improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15040919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T05:37:31Z","timestamp":1675834651000},"page":"919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Satellite Network Transmission of Cooperative Relay Superimposed Signal Reconstructed in Spatial Dimension"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"given":"Xiyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Science Research Center, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2017.05.037","article-title":"Mission Planning for on-orbit Servicing Through Multiple Servicing Satellites: A New Approach","volume":"60","author":"Daneshjou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res. Off. J. Comm. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"523","article-title":"Prospect of satellite remote sensing system in 6G communication","volume":"50","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radio Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"24","article-title":"Now and Future of Remote Sensing Constellations","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Satell. Netw."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2013.04.026","article-title":"An optimal micro-satellite system for optical remote sensing data management","volume":"91","author":"Bunkheila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta. Astronaut."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"46","article-title":"First on, first occupation satellite frequency and orbital resources","volume":"2","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"China Radio"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Tian, R.C., and Chi, Y.G. (2014). Spread Spectrum Communication, Tsinghua University Press."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.1101","article-title":"Future Trends in Broadband Satellite Communications: Information Centric Networks and Enabling Technologies","volume":"33","author":"Cola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Satell. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Corbin, B.A. (2015). The Value Proposition of Distributed Satellite Systems for Space Science Missions, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"18","article-title":"Status quo and Trend of International Satellite Communication Market","volume":"10","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Satell. Netw."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"19","article-title":"Development and Application Prospects of Global High-Throughput Satellites","volume":"4","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Space"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s40494-020-00464-2","article-title":"Mural classification model based on high- and low-level vision fusion","volume":"8","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Herit Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.1327","article-title":"Future Technologies for Very High Throughput Satellite Systems","volume":"38","author":"Gaudenzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Satell. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2016.2635139","article-title":"Generalized Multicast Multibeam Pre-coding for Satellite Communications","volume":"16","author":"Joroughi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2018.2847438","article-title":"Precoding for Flexible High Throughput Satellites: Hot-Spot Scenario","volume":"65","author":"Taricco","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Broadcast."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700660","article-title":"Multimedia Multicast Services in 5G Networks: Subgrouping and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Techniques","volume":"56","author":"Montalban","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"86","article-title":"Overview of Research Progress of Satellite 5G Fusion","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ICT Policy"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatzinotas, S., Zheng, G., and Ottersten, B. (2011, January 26). Energy-efficient MMSE beamforming and power allocation in multibeam satellite systems. Proceedings of the 2011 Conference Record of the Forty Fifth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.2011.6190179"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2012.040412.111629","article-title":"Generic Optimization of Linear Precoding in Multibeam Satellite Systems","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assal, F., Zaghloul, A., and Sorbello, R. (1988, January 13\u201317). Multiple spot-beam systems for satellite communications. Proceedings of the 12th International Communication Satellite Systems Conference, Arlington, VA, USA.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.1988-814"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2012.93","article-title":"Predictable Mobile Routing for Spacecraft Networks","volume":"12","author":"Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2011.071411.101599","article-title":"To MIMO or Not to MIMO in Mobile Satellite Broad-casting Systems","volume":"10","author":"Arapoglou","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2004.1341264","article-title":"Cooperative communication in wireless networks","volume":"42","author":"Nosratinia","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2006.1633350","article-title":"Virtual MIMO-based cooperative communication for energy-constrained wireless sensor networks","volume":"5","author":"Jayaweera","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3425","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2008.926344","article-title":"Interference alignment and degrees of freedom of the K user interference channel","volume":"54","author":"Cadambe","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Lee, N., and Lim, J.B. (July, January 28). A novel signaling for communication on MIMO Y channel: Signal space alignment for network coding. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Seoul, Korea."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3893","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2009.2025541","article-title":"Interference Alignment and the Degrees of Freedom of Wireless X Networks","volume":"55","author":"Cadambe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inf. Theory IEEE Trans."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guidotti, A., Icolari, V., Tarchi, D., and Vanelli-Coralli, A. (2015, January 8\u201312). An Interference Estimation Technique for Satellite Cognitive Radio Systems. Proceedings of the ICC 2015, London, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2015.7248435"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.1090","article-title":"In-Line Interference Mitigation Techniques for Spectral Coexistence of GEO and NGEO Satellites","volume":"34","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Satell. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganesan, R.S., Weber, T., and Klein, A. (2011, January 15\u201318). Interference Alignment in Multi-User Two Way Relay Networks. Proceedings of the Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), Budapest, Hungary.","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2011.5956515"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2018.2889585","article-title":"Spatial Spectrum Sharing for Satellite and Terrestrial Communication Networks","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10081","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2859312","article-title":"Algorithmic Beamforming Design for MIMO Multiway Relay Channel with Clustered Full Data Exchange","volume":"67","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2016.06.011","article-title":"MIMO Relay Channel Signal Transmission in Transformed Subspace","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Digit. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2475746","article-title":"The application of MIMO to nonorthogonal multiple access","volume":"15","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2009.090618","article-title":"Channel Coding and Decoding in a Relay System Operated with Physical-Layer Network Coding","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wubben, D., and Lang, Y.D. (2010, January 6\u201310). Generalized Sum-Product Algorithm for Joint Channel Decoding and Physical-Layer Network Coding in Two-Way Relay System. Proceedings of the Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Miami, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2010.5683819"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2008.923722","article-title":"XORs in the air: Practical wireless network coding","volume":"16","author":"Katti","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, H., Lv, T.J., and Zhang, S.L. (2012, January 10\u201315). Zero-forcing based MIMO two-way relay with relay antenna selection: Transmission scheme and diversity analysis. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on ICC, Ottawa, ON, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2012.6364597"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Wang, H. (2018). Research on Energy Efficient Resource Allocation and D2D Technology in Distributed Antenna System, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Wang, X., Liu, Q., and Li, H. (2022). Distributed Satellite Relay Cooperative Communication with Optimized Signal Space Dimension. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14184474"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2015.2420100","article-title":"Generalized Signal Alignment: On the Achievable DoF for Multi-User MIMO Two-Way Relay Channels","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Zhang, S.L., Liew, S.C., and Lam, P.P. (2006, January 23\u201329). Physical Layer Network Coding. Proceedings of the ACM MOBICOM, Los Angeles, CA, USA."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/4\/919\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:27:09Z","timestamp":1760120829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/4\/919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15040919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15040919","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]}}}