{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T05:05:05Z","timestamp":1764997505249,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP 18K11626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 18K11626"]}]},{"name":"JSPS Global COE Program \u201cIn Search of Sustainable Humanosphere in Asia\u201d","award":["JP 18K11626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 18K11626"]}]},{"name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)","award":["JP 18K11626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 18K11626"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The biodiversity loss in Southeast Asia indicates an urgent need for long-term monitoring, which is lacking. Much attention is being directed toward bird diversity monitoring using remote sensing, based on relation to forest structure. However, few studies have utilized space-borne active microwave remote sensing, which has considerable advantages in terms of repetitive observations over tropical areas. Here, we evaluate threatened bird occurrence from L-band satellite data explaining forest structure in Sumatra, Indonesia. First, we identified L-band parameters with strong correlations with the forest layer structure, defined as forest floor, understory, and canopy layers. Then, we analyzed the correlation between threatened bird occurrence and L-band parameters identified as explaining forest structure. The results reveal that several parameters can represent the layers of forest floor, understory, and canopy. Subsequent statistical analysis elucidated that forest-dependent and threatened bird species exhibit significant positive correlations with the selected L-band parameters explaining forest floor and understory. Our results highlight the potential of applying microwave satellite remote sensing to evaluate bird diversity through forest structure estimation, although a more comprehensive study is needed to strengthen our findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15040947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T02:55:54Z","timestamp":1675911354000},"page":"947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluating Threatened Bird Occurrence in the Tropics by Using L-Band SAR Remote Sensing Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8988-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoko","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan"}]},{"given":"Motoko S.","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"}]},{"given":"Yoshiharu","family":"Omura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan"}]},{"given":"Dendy S.","family":"Haryadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Animal Biosciences at the Faculty of Graduate Programs, IPB University, Bogor 16151, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Riau University, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Irham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biology of Indonesian Institute for Sciences, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Shiodera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Global Liberal Studies, Nanzan University, Nagoya 466-8673, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sodhi, N.S., and Brook, B.W. 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