{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:51:33Z","timestamp":1762300293038,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA17040524","010567900","KP-2019-05","D040103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA17040524","010567900","KP-2019-05","D040103"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province 2017 High-level Science and Technology Talent Team Project","award":["XDA17040524","010567900","KP-2019-05","D040103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA17040524","010567900","KP-2019-05","D040103"]}]},{"name":"Key Program of 13th Five-Year Plan, CASHIPS","award":["XDA17040524","010567900","KP-2019-05","D040103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA17040524","010567900","KP-2019-05","D040103"]}]},{"name":"Civil Aerospace Technology Pre-research Project","award":["XDA17040524","010567900","KP-2019-05","D040103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA17040524","010567900","KP-2019-05","D040103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper investigates the transmitter and receiver performance of an active rotating tropospheric stratospheric Doppler wind Lidar. A 532 nm laser was determined as the detection wavelength based on transmission and scattering aspects. A ten-fold Galileo beam expander consisting of spherical and aspherical mirrors was designed and produced to compress the outgoing laser\u2019s divergence angle using ZEMAX simulation optimization and optical-mechanical mounting means. The structure and support of the 800 mm Cassegrain telescope was redesigned. Additionally, the structure of the receiver was optimized, and the size was reduced. Meanwhile, the detectors and fiber mountings were changed to improve the stability of the received optical path. A single-channel atmospheric echo signal test was used to select the best-performing photomultiplier tube (PMT). Finally, the atmospheric wind field detection results of the original and upgraded systems were compared. The results show that after optimizing the transmitter and receiver, the detection altitude of the system is increased to about 47 km, and the wind speed and wind direction profiles match better with radiosonde measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15040952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T05:51:06Z","timestamp":1676008266000},"page":"952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Research on the Performance of an Active Rotating Tropospheric and Stratospheric Doppler Wind Lidar Transmitter and Receiver"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8346-1173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}]},{"given":"Chenbo","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}]},{"given":"Bangxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}]},{"given":"Kunming","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Semi-empirical model of middle atmosphere wind from the ground to the lower thermosphere","volume":"43","author":"Solovjova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. 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