{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:16:39Z","timestamp":1784301399695,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12073048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12073048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Rover-mounted Subsurface Penetrating Radar (RoSPR) is one of the scientific payloads onboard China\u2019s first independent Mars exploration mission, Tianwen-1. The radar aims to characterize the thickness of the upper Martian soil and investigate the subsurface stratigraphy by collecting and processing the data. This article is mainly divided into two parts, the introduction of data pre-processing and analysis of pre-processed radar signals, aiming at helping scientists make more effective use of radar data. The first part describes the operating principle of the RoSPR and the procedure of radar data pre-processing at all levels. Data pre-processing is mainly designed to transfer the raw data format to a common PDS (Planetary Data System) and eliminate the influence of the instrument. In the signal analysis part, the performances of both self-check signals and echo signals of low- and high-frequency channels are analyzed, which indicate a stable radar system and are useful for background removal. Phase and time calibration is of great importance for improving data quality and making the radar data more accurate. Moreover, further processing is required to obtain clear radar images, such as filtering, background removal and gain setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15040966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T05:51:06Z","timestamp":1676008266000},"page":"966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Data Pre-Processing and Signal Analysis of Tianwen-1 Rover Penetrating Radar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shuning","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6913-7270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0817-2742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunlai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Leuschen, C.J. 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Speech Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"P13B-3812","article-title":"The Processing of Lunar Penetrating Radar Channel-2B Data from Chang\u2019E-3","volume":"2014","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"AGU"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/4\/966\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:29:23Z","timestamp":1760120963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/4\/966"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15040966"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15040966","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]}}}