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foundation","award":["2021T140385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021T140385"]}]},{"name":"China postdoctoral science foundation","award":["2018M641372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M641372"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since acoustic agglomeration is an effective pre-treatment technique for removing fine particles, it can be considered as a potential technology for applications in aerosol pollution control, industrial dust and mist removal, and cloud and precipitation interference. In this study, the cloud-precipitation interference effect was evaluated in situ based on a multi-dimensional multi-scale monitoring system. The variations in the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall near the surface and the characteristics of precipitation droplets in the air were investigated. The results indicate that strong low-frequency acoustic waves had a significant impact on the macro-characteristics of rainfall clouds, the microphysical structure of rain droplets and near-surface precipitation, and various microwave parameters. In terms of physical structure, the precipitation cloud\u2019s base height decreased significantly upon opening the acoustic device, while agglomeration and de-agglomeration of raindrops were in a dynamic equilibrium. When the sound generator was on, the particle concentration at a sampling attitude of 500\u22121700 m and the proportion of particles with diameters of 1\u20131.5 mm decreased significantly (by 1\u20135 ln [1\/m3\u00b7mm]). In contrast, the particle concentration increased by 1\u20133 ln [1\/m3\u00b7mm] at a sampling attitude below 400 m. Moreover, during acoustic interference, the reflectivity factor surged by 2.71 dBZ within 1200 m of the operation centre. Overall, the spatial and temporal distributions of rainfall rates and cumulative precipitation within 5 km of acoustic operation were uneven and influenced by local terrain and background winds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15040993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T06:09:21Z","timestamp":1676268561000},"page":"993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["In Situ Experimental Study of Cloud-Precipitation Interference by Low-Frequency Acoustic Waves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Laboratory of Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Upper Yellow River, School of Water Resources and Electric Power, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"given":"Guangqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Laboratory of Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Upper Yellow River, School of Water Resources and Electric Power, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1387-6442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiahua","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Laboratory of Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Upper Yellow River, School of Water Resources and Electric Power, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Analysis of sky water resources in the source region and the upper-middle region of the Yellow River basin","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yellow River"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2011.10.021","article-title":"Global precipitation measurement: Methods, datasets and applications","volume":"104","author":"Tapiador","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. 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