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As an important part of the \u201cLoss Plateau-Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier\u201d and \u201cNorthern Sand Control Belt\u201d in the national security strategic pattern, there is an urgent need to study the ESPs on the Loess Plateau. Based on a remote sensing dataset, this study identified the ESPs at different spatial scales, and analyzed the similarities and differences of ecological sources, corridors, and key strategic points, so as to better inform the development and implantation of macro and micro ecological protection strategies. When taken as a whole unit, we identified 58 ecological sources (areas with higher levels of ecosystem services) on the Loess Plateau (total area of 57,948.48 km2), along with 134 corridors (total length of 14,094.32 km), 1325 pinch points (total area of 315.01 km2), and 2406 barrier points (total area of 382.50 km2). When splits into ecoregions, we identified 108 sources (total area of 67,892.51 km2), 226 corridors (total length of 13,403.49 km), 2801 pinch points (total area of 851.07 km2, and 3657 barrier points (total area of 800.70 km2). Human activities and land use types are the main factors influencing the number and spatial distribution of corridors, ecological pinch points, and barrier points. ESPs constructed at different spatial scales are broadly similar, but significant differences among details were identified. As such, when formulating ecological protection and restoration strategies, the spatial scale should be considered. Moreover, specific programs should be determined based on ESP characteristics to maximize the protection of biodiversity and ecosystem integrity from multiple perspectives and directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15041011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T01:48:56Z","timestamp":1676252936000},"page":"1011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Ecological Security Patterns at Different Spatial Scales on the Loess Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Liangguo","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Xindong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Land Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unutilized Land Improvement Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8277-2930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pingping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water and Environment, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Shaini","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Land Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unutilized Land Improvement Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}]},{"given":"Dehao","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Land Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, P.P., Zheng, Y., Wang, Y.Y., Zhang, S.P., Yu, W.Q., Zhu, X., Huo, A.D., Wang, Z.H., He, B., and Nover, D. 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