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City","award":["2019YFD0900705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFD0900705"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Projects of Science and Technology Innovation and development Plan in Yantai City","award":["ZR2020KF031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020KF031"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Projects of Science and Technology Innovation and development Plan in Yantai City","award":["2022YTJC06003045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YTJC06003045"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Green tide beaching events have occurred frequently in the Yellow Sea since 2007, causing a series of ecological and economic problems. Satellite imagery has been widely applied to monitor green tide outbreaks in open water. Traditional satellite sensors, however, are limited by coarse resolution or a low revisit rate, making it difficult to provide timely distribution of information about green tides in the nearshore. In this study, both PlanetScope Super Dove images and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images are used to monitor green tide beaching events on the southern side of Shandong Peninsula, China. A deep learning model (VGGUnet) is used to extract the green tide features and quantify the green tide coverage area or biomass density. Compared with the U-net model, the VGGUnet model has a higher accuracy on the Super Dove and UAV images, with F1-scores of 0.93 and 0.92, respectively. The VGGUnet model is then applied to monitor the distribution of green tide on the beach and in the nearshore water; the results suggest that the VGGUnet model can accurately extract green tide features while discarding other confusing features. By using the Super Dove and UAV images, green tide beaching events can be accurately monitored and are consistent with field investigations. From the perspective of near real-time green tide monitoring, high-resolution imagery combined with deep learning is an effective approach. The findings pave the way for monitoring and tracking green tides in coastal zones, as well as assisting in the prevention and control of green tide disasters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15041101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T03:53:49Z","timestamp":1676606029000},"page":"1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Monitoring Green Tide in the Yellow Sea Using High-Resolution Imagery and Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7261-3290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weitao","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Information Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1105","article-title":"Macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries: Controls and ecophysiological and ecosystem consequences","volume":"42","author":"Valiela","year":"1997","journal-title":"Limnol. 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