{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T22:35:15Z","timestamp":1774478115208,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the most common types of natural disaster, floods can happen anywhere on Earth, except in the polar regions. The severity of the damage caused by flooding can be reduced by putting proper management and protocols into place. Using remote sensing and a geospatial methodology, this study attempts to identify flood-vulnerable areas of the central district of Duhok, Iraq. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique was used to give relative weights to 12 contributing parameters, including elevation, slope, distance from the river, rainfall, land use land cover, soil, lithology, topographic roughness index, topographic wetness index, aspect, the sediment transport index, and the stream power index in order to calculate the Flood Hazard Index (FHI). The relative importance of each criterion was revealed by a sensitivity analysis of the parameter values. This research developed a final flood susceptibility map and identified high-susceptible zones. This was classified anywhere from very low to very high classifications for its potential flood hazard. The generated map indicates that 44.72 km2 of the total land area of the study area in Duhok city has a very high susceptibility to flooding, and that these areas require significant attention from government authorities in order to reduce flood vulnerability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15041102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T01:36:37Z","timestamp":1676856997000},"page":"1102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Mapping of Flood-Prone Areas Utilizing GIS Techniques and Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Aumed Rahman","family":"M Amen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Soran University, Soran 44008, Iraq"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7307-4786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andam","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11\/12, 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}]},{"given":"Dalshad Ahmed","family":"Kareem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erbil Technology College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil 44001, Iraq"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6914-4809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan Mohammed","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geomatics (Surveying) Engineering, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq"}]},{"given":"Ayub Anwar","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of languages, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, Iraq"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3409-591X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Szyd\u0142owski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11\/12, 80-233 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}]},{"given":"Bala Kawa","family":"M. Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Directorate of Water and Sewage, Ministry of Municipalities and Tourism, Erbil 44001, Iraq"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jha, A.K., Bloch, R., and Lamond, J. (2012). Cities and Flooding: A Guide to Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management for the 21st Century, World Bank Publications.","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-8866-2"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Ritchie, H., and Roser, M. (2022, November 13). Natural disasters. In Our World in Data. 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