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Unlike the traditional SHS, the interferometer component of the GMI-II was designed with zero optical path difference offset, effectively improving spectral resolution while maintaining the same detector specifications. The secondary imaging system with non-isometric scaling of spatial and spectral dimensions was designed to decrease the integration time of a frame image or improve the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under the same integration time. This paper introduces the design, manufacture, adjustment methods, and test results of the main performance indexes of the GMI-II that indicate that the spectral resolution of the O2 A-band detection channel is better than 0.6 cm\u22121 and other channels are better than 0.27 cm\u22121. Under the typical radiance of other carbon monitors\u2019 on-orbit statistics, the spectral SNR of the GMI-II is more than 300. These test results demonstrate that the GMI-II can be well adapted to quantitative remote sensing monitoring of atmospheric GHG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15041105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T01:36:37Z","timestamp":1676856997000},"page":"1105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Greenhouse Gases Monitoring Instrument on GaoFen-5 Satellite-II: Optical Design and Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenwei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5235-2698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hailiang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5548-7325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiansheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-021-03001-7","article-title":"Observations of greenhouse gases as climate indicators","volume":"165","author":"Bruhwiler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clim. 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