{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T17:03:40Z","timestamp":1775322220202,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS","award":["2020367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020367"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS","award":["U20A20110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20110"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS","award":["41861134008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41861134008"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS","award":["131C11KYSB20200033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131C11KYSB20200033"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020367"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U20A20110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20110"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41861134008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41861134008"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["131C11KYSB20200033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131C11KYSB20200033"]}]},{"name":"International Cooperation Overseas Platform Project, CAS","award":["2020367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020367"]}]},{"name":"International Cooperation Overseas Platform Project, CAS","award":["U20A20110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20110"]}]},{"name":"International Cooperation Overseas Platform Project, CAS","award":["41861134008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41861134008"]}]},{"name":"International Cooperation Overseas Platform Project, CAS","award":["131C11KYSB20200033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131C11KYSB20200033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Low-frequency debris flows are characterized by strong concealment, high potential danger, and difficulty achieving an early warning; hence early identification of low-frequency debris flow gullies is crucial to mitigation. Here, an identification system for low-frequency debris flow gullies along the traffic arteries in the Chuanxi Plateau is proposed based on the identification and stability calculation of colluvium deposits in a hollow region (CDH) and the quantitative roundness analysis for the stones in a deposit fan. At first, for the watershed without a deposit fan, the CDH is identified and analyzed using the geomorphologic change point detection method combined with high-precision remote sensing images and field investigation. The watershed can be identified as a low-frequency debris flow gully with the safety factors (Fs) of all CDHs greater than 1. Then, the roundness of stones in the deposit fan is quantitatively analyzed. The watershed can also be identified as a low-frequency debris flow gully with the average roundness of the stones ranging from 0.30 to 0.41. Lastly, the identification system was tested and verified based on another ten watersheds along three traffic arteries. It shows that the method proposed in this paper has good applicability and high accuracy. Here we try to achieve the accurate early identification of low-frequency debris flow gullies by combining remote sensing interpretation and field investigation, which can provide theoretical support for predicting and mitigating debris flows in mountainous areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15051183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T01:39:47Z","timestamp":1677029987000},"page":"1183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Method on Early Identification of Low-Frequency Debris Flow Gullies along the Highways in the Chuanxi Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Guisheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining 810016, China"},{"name":"Kathmandu Center for Research and Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Tribhuvan University, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Shufeng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8402-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahfuzur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT), Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh"}]},{"given":"Haowen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1253-9471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiquan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Study on debris flows along highways in China","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. 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