{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:32:42Z","timestamp":1782282762653,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42261006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42261006"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022SKL007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SKL007"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment","award":["42261006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42261006"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment","award":["2022SKL007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SKL007"]}]},{"name":"Tianshan Talent Project (Phase III) of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["42261006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42261006"]}]},{"name":"Tianshan Talent Project (Phase III) of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2022SKL007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SKL007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ebinur Lake is the largest brackish-water lake in Xinjiang, China. Strong winds constantly have an impact on this shallow water body, causing high variability in turbidity of water. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously monitor suspended particulate matter (SPM) for water quality management. This research aims to develop an advanced spatiotemporal fusion model based on the inversion technique that enables time-continuous and detailed monitoring of SPM over an intermontane lake. The findings shows that: (1) the enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (ESTARFM) fusion in blue, green, red, and near infrared (NIR) bands was better than the flexible spatiotemporal data fusion (FSDAF) model in extracting SPM information; (2) the inversion model constructed by random forest (RF) outperformed the support vector machine (SVM) and partial least squares (PLS) algorithms; and (3) the SPM concentrations acquired from the fused images of Landsat 8 OLI and ESTARFM matched with the actual data of Ebinur Lake based on the visual perspective and accuracy assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15051204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T05:01:32Z","timestamp":1677042092000},"page":"1204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An Advanced Spatiotemporal Fusion Model for Suspended Particulate Matter Monitoring in an Intermontane Lake"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"},{"name":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"},{"name":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4052-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi","family":"Jim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences, Education University of Hong Kong, Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verner","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changjiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Aksu 843000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3257-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoInformatic Unit, Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3939-0336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mou","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoInformatic Unit, Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiang-Te","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Earth Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingchao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Earth Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131586","article-title":"Using simple and easy water quality parameters to predict trihalomethane occurrence in tap water","volume":"286","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.06.004","article-title":"Monitoring decadal lake dynamics across the Yangtze Basin downstream of Three Gorges Dam","volume":"152","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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