{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T19:20:17Z","timestamp":1782242417475,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["2019QZKK0206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0206"]}]},{"name":"the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["31400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31400"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2019QZKK0206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0206"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["31400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31400"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clouds often contaminate remote sensing images, which leads to missing land feature information and subsequent application degradation. Low-rank tensor completion has shown great potential in the reconstruction of multi-temporal remote sensing images. However, existing methods ignore different low-rank properties in the spatial and temporal dimensions, such that they cannot utilize spatial and temporal information adequately. In this paper, we propose a new frequency spectrum-modulated tensor completion method (FMTC). First, remote sensing images are rearranged as third-order spatial\u2013temporal tensors for each band. Then, Fourier transform (FT) is introduced in the temporal dimension of the rearranged tensor to generate a spatial\u2013frequential tensor. In view of the fact that land features represent low-frequency components and fickle clouds represent high-frequency components in the time domain, we chose adaptive weights for the completion of different low-rank spatial matrixes, according to the frequency spectrum. Then, Invert Fourier Transform (IFT) was implemented. Through this method, the joint low-rank spatial\u2013temporal constraint was achieved. The simulated data experiments demonstrate that FMTC is applicable on different land-cover types and different missing sizes. With real data experiments, we have validated the effectiveness and stability of FMTC for time-series remote sensing image reconstruction. Compared with other algorithms, the performance of FMTC is better in quantitative and qualitative terms, especially when considering the spectral accuracy and temporal continuity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15051230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T01:37:52Z","timestamp":1677202672000},"page":"1230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Thick Cloud Removal in Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images via Frequency Spectrum-Modulated Tensor Completion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6468-9447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xunpeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luyan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2137-3693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hairong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.1137","article-title":"Impact of Land Use Change on Erosion Risk: An Integrated Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System and Modeling Methodology","volume":"24","author":"Leh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Land Degrad. 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