{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T02:42:01Z","timestamp":1768704121953,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42075063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075063"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42075066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075066"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021CFB571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CFB571"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China","award":["42075063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075063"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China","award":["42075066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075066"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China","award":["2021CFB571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CFB571"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The precipitation and raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics of the four seasons and different rain types were studied using a PARSIVEL2 raindrop disdrometer set in the southwest mountain areas of China from 2019 to 2021. The seasonal precipitation in the southwest mountain areas was mainly stratiform rain. The peaks of the RSD were about 1\u20132 orders of magnitude higher than those in the plains. The convective rain in spring and autumn was very close to the ocean-like convective mass. The local shape\u2013slope (\u03bc\u2013\u039b), radar reflectivity\u2013rain rate (Z\u2013R), and kinetic energy\u2013rain rate (KE\u2013R) relationships were further derived, and the diversity of these relationships was mainly due to the variability of the RSDs. In addition, the differences in the RSD characteristics between the top and the foot of the mountain during a typical precipitation process in the summer of 2020 were further compared. It was found that the number density of the small particles at the top of the mountain was higher than that at the foot of the mountain due to the broken large raindrops caused by the high wind speed, while the high evaporation rate, strong convective available potential energy (CPAE), and water vapor content at the foot of the mountain could strengthen the RSD, making the number density of the large raindrops at the foot of the mountain higher than that at the top.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15051246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T02:03:26Z","timestamp":1677204206000},"page":"1246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distributions in the Southwest Mountain Areas of China According to Seasonal Variation and Rain Types"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Haopeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Shengjie","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Heavy Rain, CMA, Wuhan 430205, China"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Heavy Rain, CMA, Wuhan 430205, China"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Yixiao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1175\/0065-9401(2003)030<0237:CMPPAR>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Cloud microphysical properties, processes, and rainfall estimation opportunities","volume":"30","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2003","journal-title":"Meteor. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2016.11.003","article-title":"Raindrop size distribution of different cloud types over the Western Ghats using simultaneous measurements from Micro-Rain Radar and disdrometer","volume":"186","author":"Das","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L24805","DOI":"10.1029\/2012GL053329","article-title":"Two distinct modes in one-day rainfall event during MC3E field campaign: Analyses of disdrometer observations and WRF-SBM simulation","volume":"39","author":"Iguchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(2001)040<1393:COTRSD>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Characteristics of the Raindrop Size Distribution in Tropical Continental Squall Lines Observed in Darwin, Australia","volume":"40","author":"Maki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D14213","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD008082","article-title":"Convective\u2013stratiform rainfall separation by cloud content","volume":"112","author":"Sui","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Houze, R.A. (2014). Cloud Dynamics, Academic Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1996)035<0355:EFTRSO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Evidence from Tropical Raindrop Spectra of the Origin of Rain from Stratiform versus Convective Clouds","volume":"35","author":"Tokay","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(2003)060<0354:RSDIDC>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Raindrop Size Distribution in Different Climatic Regimes from Disdrometer and Dual-Polarized Radar Analysis","volume":"60","author":"Bringi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2015.04.011","article-title":"Separating stratiform and convective rain types based on the drop size distribution characteristics using 2D video disdrometer data","volume":"169 Pt B","author":"Thurai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-019-8225-8","article-title":"Microphysical Characteristics of Precipitation during Pre-monsoon, Monsoon, and Post-monsoon Periods over the South China Sea","volume":"36","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2013.08.003","article-title":"Characteristics of the raindrop size distributions and their retrieved polarimetric radar parameters in northern and southern China","volume":"135\u2013136","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-018-8107-5","article-title":"Seasonal Variations of Observed Raindrop Size Distribution in East China","volume":"36","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11092","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JD027233","article-title":"Raindrop Size Distribution Measurements at 4500 m on the Tibetan Plateau During TIPEX-III","volume":"122","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1175\/JAMC-D-14-0089.1","article-title":"Searching for Large Raindrops: A Global Summary of Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer Observations","volume":"54","author":"Gatlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2151\/jmsj.2013-208","article-title":"Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution in the Meiyu Season Observed in Eastern China","volume":"91","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L02810","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL036242","article-title":"Diurnal to interannual variation in the raindrop size distribution over Palau in the western tropical Pacific. Geophys","volume":"36","author":"Ushiyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1175\/JAMC-D-15-0127.1","article-title":"Raindrop Size Distribution in a Midlatitude Continental Squall Line Measured by Thies Optical Disdrometers over East China","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-20-193-2016","article-title":"Climatological characteristics of raindrop size distributions in Busan, Republic of Korea. Hydrol","volume":"20","author":"Suh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2014.07.005","article-title":"Rain drop size distribution over the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"150","author":"Prodi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1991)030<0893:TEORSC>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The Evolution of Raindrop Spectra: Comparisons between Modeled and Observed Spectra along a Mountain Slope in Switzerland","volume":"30","author":"Levin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2000)017<0130:AODFMS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"An Optical Disdrometer for Measuring Size and Velocity of Hydrometeors","volume":"17","author":"Joss","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-13-00174.1","article-title":"Evaluation of the New Version of the Laser-Optical Disdrometer, OTT PARSIVEL2","volume":"31","author":"Tokay","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, L. (2016). Microphysical Characteristics of the Raindrop Size Distribution Observed in East China during the Asian Summer Monsoon Season. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Nanjing University]. (In Chinese).","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD024160"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019JD031954","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JD031954","article-title":"Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distributions and Parameters in Central China during the Meiyu Seasons","volume":"125","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2019.05.025","article-title":"Combining disdrometer, microscopic photography, and cloud radar to study distributions of hydrometeor types, size and fall velocity","volume":"228","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"243","article-title":"The terminal velocity of fall for water drops in stagnant air","volume":"6","author":"Gunn","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1029\/JC079i015p02185","article-title":"Fall speeds and masses of solid precipitation particles","volume":"79","author":"Locatelli","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JAMC2208.1","article-title":"Distributions of Raindrop Sizes and Fall Velocities in a Semiarid Plateau Climate: Convective versus Stratiform Rains","volume":"49","author":"Niu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD024160","article-title":"Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distributions observed in East China during the Asian summer monsoon season using 2-D video disdrometer and Micro Rain Radar data","volume":"121","author":"Wen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1983)022<1764:NVITAF>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Natural Variations in the Analytical Form of the Raindrop Size distribution","volume":"22","author":"Ulbrich","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(2004)043<0217:PREBOA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Polarimetric Radar Estimators Based on a Constrained Gamma Drop Size Distribution Model","volume":"43","author":"Vivekanandan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JTECHA1258.1","article-title":"Using dual-polarized radar and dual-frequency profiler for dsd characterization: A case study from Darwin. Australia","volume":"26","author":"Bringi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/07900627.2010.492607","article-title":"Weakening of the Asian summer monsoon and its impact on the precipitation pattern in China","volume":"26","author":"Ding","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Water Resour. Dev."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"205","article-title":"Characteristics of raindrop size distribution at Anxi of Fujian","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteor. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, R.K. (1997). The Physics and Parameterization of Moist Atmospheric Convection, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8828-7"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"268","article-title":"Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution for stratiform and convective precipitation at different altitudes in Mt. Huangshan","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"923","article-title":"An observational study of diurnal and seasonal variations, and macroscopic and microphysical properties of clouds and precipitation over Mount Lu, Jiangxi, China","volume":"77","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Meteorol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1154","article-title":"A study on characteristics of spectral parameters and characteristic variables of raindrop size distribution for different cloud systems in Liaoning Province","volume":"40","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JD028307","article-title":"Raindrop Size Distribution Characteristics of Summer and Winter Season Rainfall over North Taiwan","volume":"123","author":"Seela","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1974)031<1067:TJORS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The N0 jump of raindrop spectra","volume":"31","author":"Waldvogel","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS-D-17-0242.1","article-title":"Primary Modes of Global Drop Size Distributions","volume":"75","author":"Dolan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS3534.1","article-title":"A multimoment bulk microphysics parameterization. Part I: Analysis of the role of the spectral shape parameter","volume":"62","author":"Milbrandt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1109\/36.917906","article-title":"A method for estimating rain rate and drop size distribution from polarimetric radarmeasurements","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1175\/2010JTECHA1349.1","article-title":"CPOL Radar-Derived Drop Size Distribution Statistics of Stratiform and Convective Rain for Two Regimes in Darwin, Australia","volume":"27","author":"Thurai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2003)020<1106:TSRIOG>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The Shape\u2013Slope Relation in Observed Gamma Raindrop Size Distributions: Statistical Error or Useful Information?","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JAMC1755.1","article-title":"An Investigation of the Slope\u2013Shape Relation for Gamma Raindrop Size Distribution","volume":"47","author":"Chu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JTECHA1236.1","article-title":"Characteristics of the Raindrop Size Distribution and Drop Shape Relation in Typhoon Systems in the Western Pacific from the 2D Video Disdrometer and NCU C-Band Polarimetric Radar","volume":"26","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2022.106332","article-title":"Characteristics of orographic raindrop size distribution in the Tianshan Mountains, China","volume":"278","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seela, B.K., Janapati, J., Lin, P.-L., Lan, C.-H., Shirooka, R., Hashiguchi, H., and Reddy, K.K. (2022). Raindrop size distribution characteristics of the western Pacific tropical cyclones measured in the Palau islands. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14030470"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JAMC1732.1","article-title":"Analysis of video disdrometer and polarimetric radar data to characterize rain microphysics in Oklahoma","volume":"47","author":"Cao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1175\/0065-9401(2003)030<0215:GALPMB>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Global and Local Precipitation Measurements by Radar","volume":"30","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Meteorol. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, H., Wu, Z., Zhang, L., Xie, Y., and Lei, H. (2020). Improving Radar Rainfall Estimations with Scaled Raindrop Size Spectra in Mei-Yu Frontal Rainstorms. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185257"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0434(1999)014<0604:SOWRET>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Sensitivity of WSR-88D Rainfall Estimates to the Rain-Rate Threshold and Rain Gauge Adjustment: A Flash Flood Case Study","volume":"14","author":"Fulton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Weather. Forecast."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"843","article-title":"Research on Precipitation Estimators of Microwave Link and Weather Radar Based on Raindrop Size Distribution Data","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Meteor. Mon."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Liu, Y. (2013). Analysis on Microphysical Characteristics of Convective and Stratiform Cloud Precipitation in Beijing. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology]. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"409","article-title":"Research on the Z-R relationship of mixed convective-stratiform clouds in Xi\u2019an area","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Torrential Rain Disasters"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8703","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0057.1","article-title":"Synoptic Situations of Extreme Hourly Precipitation over China","volume":"29","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1981.03615995004500010033x","article-title":"Rainfall Intensity-Kinetic Energy Relationships for Soil Loss Prediction1","volume":"45","author":"Kinnell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1085(200001)14:1<37::AID-HYP908>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Measuring drop size distribution and kinetic energy of rainfall using a force transducer","volume":"14","author":"Jayawardena","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2004.04.027","article-title":"Kinetic energy\u2013rainfall intensity relationship for Central Cebu, Philippines for soil erosion studies","volume":"300","author":"Fornis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seela, B.K., Janapati, J., Kalath Unnikrishnan, C., Lin, P.-L., Le Loh, J., Chang, W.-Y., Kumar, U., Reddy, K.K., Lee, D.-I., and Reddy, M.V. (2021). Raindrop size distributions of North Indian Ocean tropical cyclones observed at the coastal and inland stations in South India. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13163178"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(2000)039<1923:RRRAKE>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Reflectivity, Rain Rate, and Kinetic Energy Flux Relationships Based on Raindrop Spectra","volume":"39","author":"Steiner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1995)052<1761:EORSDB>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Evolution of raindrop size distribution by coalescence, breakup, and evaporation: Theory and observations","volume":"52","author":"Hu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/5\/1246\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:41:10Z","timestamp":1760121670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/5\/1246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15051246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15051246","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]}}}