{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:55:37Z","timestamp":1760147737940,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["2019QZKK0101","42271312","U1939207","XDA20070102","2022110","YJKYYQ20210036","XZ202101ZD0014G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0101","42271312","U1939207","XDA20070102","2022110","YJKYYQ20210036","XZ202101ZD0014G"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019QZKK0101","42271312","U1939207","XDA20070102","2022110","YJKYYQ20210036","XZ202101ZD0014G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0101","42271312","U1939207","XDA20070102","2022110","YJKYYQ20210036","XZ202101ZD0014G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2019QZKK0101","42271312","U1939207","XDA20070102","2022110","YJKYYQ20210036","XZ202101ZD0014G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0101","42271312","U1939207","XDA20070102","2022110","YJKYYQ20210036","XZ202101ZD0014G"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS","award":["2019QZKK0101","42271312","U1939207","XDA20070102","2022110","YJKYYQ20210036","XZ202101ZD0014G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0101","42271312","U1939207","XDA20070102","2022110","YJKYYQ20210036","XZ202101ZD0014G"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2019QZKK0101","42271312","U1939207","XDA20070102","2022110","YJKYYQ20210036","XZ202101ZD0014G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0101","42271312","U1939207","XDA20070102","2022110","YJKYYQ20210036","XZ202101ZD0014G"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Tibet Autonomous Region","award":["2019QZKK0101","42271312","U1939207","XDA20070102","2022110","YJKYYQ20210036","XZ202101ZD0014G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0101","42271312","U1939207","XDA20070102","2022110","YJKYYQ20210036","XZ202101ZD0014G"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We developed a kind of fiber optic seismometer array for a high mountain glacier and first tested it on the Kuoqionggangri Glacier in the Tibetan Plateau. The array clearly recorded substantial passive seismic source signals of various icequakes, including shallow, deep and hybrid events. These fracturing activities indicate that crevasses and\/or fractures developed in the glacier. We further obtained the glacial thickness of about 40 m by analyzing the active seismic source after hitting the glacier surface with a hammer based on the seismic scattering method. Most importantly, we observed a low shear wave velocity layer with a large velocity drop of ~28% and thickness of about ~7 m in the lower glacier. It is inferred that the low-velocity layer may represent a temperate ice layer. Our experiment provides a kind of feasible seismic observation to study icequakes and the englacial structure of Tibetan glaciers, offering new insights for evaluating glacier change in the Tibetan Plateau.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15051282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T01:59:10Z","timestamp":1677463150000},"page":"1282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Icequakes and Large Shear Wave Velocity Drop in the Kuoqionggangri Glacier of Tibetan Plateau Observed with Fiber Optic Seismometer Array"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenzhu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9109-7324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guohui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction, Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiule","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4869-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wentao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baiqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-17-0057.1","article-title":"Recent Third Pole\u2019s Rapid Warming Accompanies Cryospheric Melt and Water Cycle Intensification and Interactions between Monsoon and Environment: Multidisciplinary Approach with Observations, Modeling, and Analysis","volume":"100","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. 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