{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T05:24:38Z","timestamp":1771046678479,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,26]],"date-time":"2023-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Indonesia\u2019s Directorate General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology","award":["21H01146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H01146"]}]},{"name":"Indonesia\u2019s Directorate General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology","award":["22K19845"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K19845"]}]},{"name":"Indonesia\u2019s Ministry of Education Culture, Research, and Technology","award":["21H01146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H01146"]}]},{"name":"Indonesia\u2019s Ministry of Education Culture, Research, and Technology","award":["22K19845"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K19845"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award":["21H01146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H01146"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","award":["22K19845"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K19845"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reconstruction of reliable plasmaspheric electron density profiles is important for understanding physical processes in the plasmasphere. This paper proposes a technique that can be applied to correct the plasmaspheric electron density profiles using ray tracing by scrutinizing dispersion analyses of lightning whistlers. The Global Core Plasma Model and the International Reference Ionosphere were introduced as a reference electron density profile. Modifications of this electron density profile were then proposed to satisfy the dispersion characteristics of lightning whistlers measured by satellites in the plasmasphere. We first introduce two kinds of functions to modify the electron density: constant and linear, the linear function is more adequate. We applied our method to two lightning whistler events on 14 August 2017, measured by the Plasma Wave Experiment\/Waveform Capture aboard the Arase satellite, and analyzed the dispersion of the observed lightning whistlers. We show how the density modification affects the delay time of the ray path and satisfies the dispersion characteristics under the appropriate adjustments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15051306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T02:04:11Z","timestamp":1677463451000},"page":"1306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Proposal for Modification of Plasmaspheric Electron Density Profiles Using Characteristics of Lightning Whistlers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Desy Purnami Singgih","family":"Putri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9304-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiya","family":"Kasahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9517-0122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamoru","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Control Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, Toyama 939-8630, Japan"}]},{"given":"Shoya","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan"}]},{"given":"Fuminori","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Kumamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan"}]},{"given":"Yoshizumi","family":"Miyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISEE, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Nos 2\/3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00879821","article-title":"The Nighttime Winter Anomaly (NWA) Effect in the American Sector as a Consequence of Interhemispheric Ionospheric Coupling","volume":"127","author":"Forster","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pure Appl. 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