{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T21:30:29Z","timestamp":1776375029784,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":185,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the 21st Century, disasters have severe negative impacts on cities worldwide. Given the significant casualties and property damage caused by disasters, it is necessary for disaster management organizations and the public to enhance urban disaster management. As an effective method, BIM (Building Information Modeling)\u2013GIS (Geographic Information System) integration can significantly improve urban disaster management. Despite the significance of BIM\u2013GIS integration, there is rarely the adoption of BIM\u2013GIS integration in urban disaster management, which significantly hinders the development of the quality and efficiency of urban disaster management. To enhance urban disaster management and reduce the negative impact caused by disasters, this study is developed to perform a systematic review of the utilization of BIM\u2013GIS integration in urban disaster management. Through the systematic review, the capabilities of BIM\u2013GIS integration in disaster prevention and mitigation, disaster response, and post-disaster recovery are reviewed and analyzed. Moreover, the data acquisition approaches, interoperability, data utilization and analysis methods, and future directions of BIM\u2013GIS integrated utilization in the disaster management process are also discussed and analyzed. Through this study, the public and urban disaster managers can effectively familiarize themselves with and utilize the capabilities of BIM\u2013GIS integration in urban disaster management, thereby improving the urban disaster management efficiency and the survival rate of disaster victims worldwide. For BIM and GIS software developers, this study can support them to familiarize themselves with the methods and trends of BIM\u2013GIS integrated utilization in urban disaster management and thus optimize the development of software for BIM and GIS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15051331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T01:39:21Z","timestamp":1677721161000},"page":"1331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["BIM\u2013GIS Integrated Utilization in Urban Disaster Management: The Contributions, Challenges, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9843-3493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Confucian School of Business, Jining University, Qufu 273155, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5050-4037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur Mardhiyah","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3563-5845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syahrul Nizam","family":"Kamaruzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (2021). 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