{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:07:02Z","timestamp":1780099622716,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"K.C. Wong Education Foundation","award":["GJTD-2020-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJTD-2020-14"]}]},{"name":"K.C. Wong Education Foundation","award":["2021491411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021491411"]}]},{"name":"K.C. Wong Education Foundation","award":["42230708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230708"]}]},{"name":"K.C. Wong Education Foundation","award":["2021xjkk070104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021xjkk070104"]}]},{"name":"The Belt and Road Special Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering","award":["GJTD-2020-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJTD-2020-14"]}]},{"name":"The Belt and Road Special Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering","award":["2021491411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021491411"]}]},{"name":"The Belt and Road Special Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering","award":["42230708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230708"]}]},{"name":"The Belt and Road Special Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering","award":["2021xjkk070104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021xjkk070104"]}]},{"name":"Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["GJTD-2020-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJTD-2020-14"]}]},{"name":"Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021491411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021491411"]}]},{"name":"Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42230708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230708"]}]},{"name":"Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021xjkk070104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021xjkk070104"]}]},{"name":"The Third Integrated Scientific Expedition Project in Xinjiang","award":["GJTD-2020-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJTD-2020-14"]}]},{"name":"The Third Integrated Scientific Expedition Project in Xinjiang","award":["2021491411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021491411"]}]},{"name":"The Third Integrated Scientific Expedition Project in Xinjiang","award":["42230708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230708"]}]},{"name":"The Third Integrated Scientific Expedition Project in Xinjiang","award":["2021xjkk070104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021xjkk070104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the context of global warming, the general increase in temperature has led to an increase in heatwave events, as well as a dramatic intensification of economic losses and social risks. This study employs the latest intensity\u2013area\u2013duration (IAD) framework that takes into account the temporal continuity and spatial dynamics of extreme events to identify regional heatwave events, and extracts key parameters of heatwave events to study the associated changes in frequency, intensity, influence area, and duration in seven geographic subregions of China in the 1979\u20132018 period. Heatwaves of all durations increased in frequency and intensity during the research period, with shorter heatwaves increasing in frequency and intensity at a faster rate than longer heatwaves. Among the seven geographic subregions, Xinjiang (XJ) and Southern China (SC) are the regions with the most frequent heatwave occurrence, while the Southwest (SW) and SC have the highest increase in heatwave frequency. In terms of regional distributions, XJ has the strongest heatwave event intensity and the largest affected area, while SC has the longest duration. However, in terms of spatial trends, SC, XJ, and the SW have the highest rates of intensity growth, influence area, and duration, respectively. In addition, heatwaves with extended durations and vast influence areas are more likely to occur in SC, and their frequency is on the rise. During the study period, the intensity, influence area, and length of heatwave occurrences in China exhibited an upward tendency, and it was shown that the longer the duration, the greater the intensity and the broader the influence area. In addition, the evolutionary characteristics of heatwave events with the longest duration indicate a certain consistency in their intensity and influence. These findings can contribute to the development of strategies to prepare for and mitigate the adverse effects of heatwave occurrences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15051369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T01:36:09Z","timestamp":1677634569000},"page":"1369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Identification and Analysis of Heatwave Events Considering Temporal Continuity and Spatial Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5772-4224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanqun","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1220-2876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"Hydraulics and Geotechnics Section, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongchang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud Jafari","family":"Shalamzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment, Tabas Branch, Tabas 9791735618, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0726-1807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arfan","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6879-4818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7085-2570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulics and Geotechnics Section, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6437-7868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiran","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9139-7693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulics and Geotechnics Section, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"ESD Ideas: Global climate response scenarios for IPCC AR6","volume":"2020","author":"Sutton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Earth Syst. 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