{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T11:38:06Z","timestamp":1772192286990,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2021JJ40012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ40012"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["20A072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20A072"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2022HSKFJJ010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022HSKFJJ010"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department","award":["2021JJ40012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ40012"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department","award":["20A072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20A072"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department","award":["2022HSKFJJ010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022HSKFJJ010"]}]},{"name":"HIST Hengyang Base","award":["2021JJ40012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ40012"]}]},{"name":"HIST Hengyang Base","award":["20A072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20A072"]}]},{"name":"HIST Hengyang Base","award":["2022HSKFJJ010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022HSKFJJ010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Satellite precipitation products (SPPs) have emerged as an important information source of precipitation with high spatio-temporal resolutions, with great potential to improve catchment water resource management and hydrologic modelling, especially in data-sparse regions. As an indirect precipitation measurement, satellite-derived precipitation accuracy is of major concern. There have been numerous evaluation\/validation studies worldwide. However, a convincing systematic evaluation\/validation of satellite precipitation remains unrealized. In particular, there are still only a limited number of hydrologic evaluations\/validations with a long temporal period. Here we present a systematic evaluation of eight popular SPPs (CHIRPS, CMORPH, GPCP, GPM, GSMaP, MSWEP, PERSIANN, and SM2RAIN). The evaluation area used, using daily data from 2007 to 2020, is the Xiangjiang River basin, a mountainous catchment with a humid sub-tropical monsoon climate situated in south China. The evaluation was conducted at various spatial scales (both grid-gauge scale and watershed scale) and temporal scales (annual and seasonal scales). The evaluation paid particular attention to precipitation intensity and especially its impact on hydrologic modelling. In the evaluation of the results, the overall statistical metrics show that GSMaP and MSWEP rank as the two best-performing SPPs, with KGEGrid \u2265 0.48 and KGEWatershed \u2265 0.67, while CHIRPS and SM2RAIN were the two worst-performing SPPs with KGEGrid \u2264 0.25 and KGEWatershed \u2264 0.42. GSMaP gave the closest agreement with the observations. The GSMaP-driven model also was superior in depicting the rainfall-runoff relationship compared to the hydrologic models driven by other SPPs. This study further demonstrated that satellite remote sensing still has difficulty accurately estimating precipitation over a mountainous region. This study provides helpful information to optimize the generation of algorithms for satellite precipitation products, and valuable guidance for local communities to select suitable alternative precipitation datasets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15051373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T01:36:09Z","timestamp":1677634569000},"page":"1373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Multiple Spatial and Temporal Scales Evaluation of Eight Satellite Precipitation Products in a Mountainous Catchment of South China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8402-9761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binbin","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4860-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingbao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, China"},{"name":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, China"},{"name":"International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage (HIST) under the Auspices of UNESCO, Hengyang Base, Hengyang 421002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunyuan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/2017RG000574","article-title":"A Review of Global Precipitation Data Sets: Data Sources, Estimation, and Intercomparisons","volume":"56","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. 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