{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T06:17:15Z","timestamp":1770531435031,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FindFish","award":["RPPM.01.01.01-22-0025\/16-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPPM.01.01.01-22-0025\/16-00"]}]},{"name":"FindFish","award":["BIOSTRATEG3\/343927\/3\/NCBR\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIOSTRATEG3\/343927\/3\/NCBR\/2017"]}]},{"name":"FindFish","award":["POIG. 01.01.02-22-011\/09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIG. 01.01.02-22-011\/09"]}]},{"name":"WaterPUCK project","award":["RPPM.01.01.01-22-0025\/16-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPPM.01.01.01-22-0025\/16-00"]}]},{"name":"WaterPUCK project","award":["BIOSTRATEG3\/343927\/3\/NCBR\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIOSTRATEG3\/343927\/3\/NCBR\/2017"]}]},{"name":"WaterPUCK project","award":["POIG. 01.01.02-22-011\/09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIG. 01.01.02-22-011\/09"]}]},{"name":"SatBa\u0142tyk project","award":["RPPM.01.01.01-22-0025\/16-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPPM.01.01.01-22-0025\/16-00"]}]},{"name":"SatBa\u0142tyk project","award":["BIOSTRATEG3\/343927\/3\/NCBR\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIOSTRATEG3\/343927\/3\/NCBR\/2017"]}]},{"name":"SatBa\u0142tyk project","award":["POIG. 01.01.02-22-011\/09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIG. 01.01.02-22-011\/09"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cyanobacteria blooms in the Baltic Sea have been studied for years due to their toxicity, which negatively affects all biota, along with the influence of these floating colonies on surface fluxes. However, mapping these blooms is still a challenge since their high dynamics, wide coverage, and specific radiometric footprint hinder atmospheric correction and negatively affect the quality of satellite images. In this study, we assessed the use of an alternative approach called the cyanobacteria index (CI), which is based on the reflectance spectral shape and which does not require comprehensive atmospheric correction. We demonstrated a close relationship between the positive CI values, indicating the presence of blooms, and the concentration of phycocyanin, the marker pigment of filamentous cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea. We proved that the CI index could efficiently identify cyanobacteria-dominated blooms where colonies floated near the surface. Therefore, this index represents a valuable complement to the previous monitoring methods, suitable for extreme bloom events. The analysis of a time series of satellite images obtained between 2002 and 2018 using the CI index revealed the elongation of the bloom season, which may have been a consequence of the water temperature remaining within the cyanobacteria\u2019s tolerance range for a longer time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15061601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T06:53:32Z","timestamp":1678863212000},"page":"1601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cyanobacteria Index as a Tool for the Satellite Detection of Cyanobacteria Blooms in the Baltic Sea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1145-9127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Konik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9305-8193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Bradtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4274-8979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Sto\u0144-Egiert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3901-8999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Soja-Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"\u015aliwi\u0144ska-Wilczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1E4, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4326-5212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miros\u0142aw","family":"Darecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.5697\/oc.51-3.293","article-title":"Do toxic cyanobacteria blooms pose a threat to the Baltic ecosystem?","volume":"51","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oceanologia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.02.013","article-title":"Comparison of different satellite sensors in detecting cyanobacterial bloom events in the Baltic Sea","volume":"102","author":"Reinart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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