{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T19:30:42Z","timestamp":1769974242220,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science technology research and development plan self-fund program of Langfang","award":["2022011020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022011020"]}]},{"name":"Science technology research and development plan self-fund program of Langfang","award":["2021YFB3901204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3901204"]}]},{"name":"Science technology research and development plan self-fund program of Langfang","award":["Z2020119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z2020119"]}]},{"name":"Science technology research and development plan self-fund program of Langfang","award":["ZY20200202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY20200202"]}]},{"name":"National natural disaster risk remote sensing monitoring prewarning and emergency application platform construction","award":["2022011020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022011020"]}]},{"name":"National natural disaster risk remote sensing monitoring prewarning and emergency application platform construction","award":["2021YFB3901204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3901204"]}]},{"name":"National natural disaster risk remote sensing monitoring prewarning and emergency application platform construction","award":["Z2020119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z2020119"]}]},{"name":"National natural disaster risk remote sensing monitoring prewarning and emergency application platform construction","award":["ZY20200202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY20200202"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Province Science and Technology Research Project","award":["2022011020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022011020"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Province Science and Technology Research Project","award":["2021YFB3901204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3901204"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Province Science and Technology Research Project","award":["Z2020119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z2020119"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Province Science and Technology Research Project","award":["ZY20200202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY20200202"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2022011020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022011020"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2021YFB3901204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3901204"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["Z2020119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z2020119"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["ZY20200202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY20200202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Flood hazards resulting from short-term severe precipitation have caused serious social and economic losses and have posed extraordinary threats to the safety of lives and property. Vulnerability, which reflects the degree of the adverse impact of flooding on a city, the sensitivity of the environment, and the extent to which rescues are possible during flooding, is one of the significant factors of the disaster risk assessment. Because of this, this paper proposes an Environmental Vulnerability Analysis Model (EVAM), based on comprehensively evaluating multi-source remote sensing data. The EVAM includes a two-stage, short-term flood vulnerability assessment. In the first stage, the flood\u2019s areal extension and land-use classification are extracted, based on the U-NET++ network, using multi-source satellite remote sensing images. The results from the first stage are used in the second stage of vulnerability assessment. In the second stage, combining multi-source data with associated feature extraction results establishes the Exposure\u2013Sensitivity\u2013Adaptive capacity framework. The short-term flood vulnerability index is leveraged through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy method is calculated for an environmental vulnerability evaluation. This novel proposed framework for short-term flood vulnerability evaluation is demonstrated for the Henan Province. The experimental results show that the proportion of vulnerable cities in the Henan Province ranging from high to low is 22.22%, 22.22%, 38.89%, and 16.67%, respectively. The relevant conclusions can provide a scientific basis for regional flood control and risk management as well as corresponding data support for post-disaster reconstruction in disaster regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15061609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T02:40:11Z","timestamp":1678934411000},"page":"1609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Method to Construct an Environmental Vulnerability Model Based on Multi-Source Data to Evaluate the Hazard of Short-Term Precipitation-Induced Flooding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Disaster Prevention, College of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 101601, China"},{"name":"Beijing Disaster Prevention Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101100, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1449-7671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Eco-Civilization Development for Jing-Jin-Ji Megalopolis, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Disaster Prevention, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Beijing 101601, China"}]},{"given":"Chengling","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Geoway Info-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100043, China"}]},{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Disaster Prevention, College of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 101601, China"}]},{"given":"Runlu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Disaster Prevention, College of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 101601, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0257-z","article-title":"Increased human and economic losses from river flooding with anthropogenic warming","volume":"8","author":"Dottori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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