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However, existing pansharpening methods are still unsatisfactory at balancing the trade-off between spatial enhancement and spectral fidelity. In this paper, a multi-scale and multi-stream fusion network (named MMFN) that leverages the multi-scale information of the source images is proposed. The proposed architecture is simple, yet effective, and can fully extract various spatial\/spectral features at different levels. A multi-stage reconstruction loss was adopted to recover the pansharpened images in each multi-stream fusion block, which facilitates and stabilizes the training process. The qualitative and quantitative assessment on three real remote sensing datasets (i.e., QuickBird, Pl\u00e9iades, and WorldView-2) demonstrates that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15061666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T03:09:37Z","timestamp":1679281777000},"page":"1666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Multi-Scale and Multi-Stream Fusion Network for Pansharpening"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1922-566X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lihua","family":"Jian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaowu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9542-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemine","family":"Vivone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (CNR-IMAA), 85050 Tito Scalo, Italy"},{"name":"NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center), 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakiba","family":"Rayhana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2002.08.002","article-title":"Mapping forest degradation in the Eastern Amazon from SPOT 4 through spectral mixture models","volume":"87","author":"Souza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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