{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T17:38:51Z","timestamp":1774892331112,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Centre in Poland","award":["UMO-2016\/21\/D\/ST10\/01976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2016\/21\/D\/ST10\/01976"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clusters of sea stacks, called rauks, are unique rocky landforms characteristic of Baltic Sea coasts. These limestone stacks raise interest due to their spectacular morphology and yet unexplained origin. This study presents the results of seasonal observations (2019\u20132020) of rauk coast changes carried out in one of the key rauk fields on F\u00e5r\u00f6 Island, Sweden. The landforms developing within three test sites were examined. At Langhammars \u2018classic\u2019 field of rauks built from homogeneous limestone (1) and a shore platform devoid of rauks, underlain clearly separate limestone slabs were explored (2); and at Gamla Hamn, the analysis covered a non-typical rauk field built of densely laminated limestone (3). We applied terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to obtain data needed in morphometric analyses and rauk surface change monitoring. We identified and determined contemporary erosional rates and dominant processes responsible for eroding and downwearing of rauk coasts. The observed changes were strongly associated with differences in local lithological and structural conditions\u2014from a nearly complete absence within massive limestone rauks notches, to clear signs of erosion within limestone slabs eroded by waves, almost 1 m2 in size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15061667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T03:09:37Z","timestamp":1679281777000},"page":"1667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Terrestrial Laser Scanning for the Detection of Coastal Changes along Rauk Coasts of Gotland, Baltic Sea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Tyszkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Zbucki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Faculty of Economic Sciences, John Paul II University of Applied Sciences in Biala Podlaska, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0650-8134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halina","family":"Kaczmarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-033 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Duszy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wroclaw, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0479-3565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz C.","family":"Strzelecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wroclaw, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2017.05.012","article-title":"Rock cities and ruiniform relief: Forms\u2014processes\u2014terminology","volume":"171","author":"Goudie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. 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