{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T18:38:08Z","timestamp":1766428688599,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key deployment projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["ZDRW-KT-2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDRW-KT-2020-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Satellite remote sensing is currently the best monitoring means to obtain global carbon source and sink data. The United States, Japan, China and other countries are vigorously developing spaceborne detection technology. However, the important factors that restrict the application of greenhouse gas satellite remote sensing technology include the limited accuracy of data products. How to improve the retrieval level of greenhouse gas payloads is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. One effective way to improve data quality is to carry out satellite ground synchronous authenticity verification and system error correction. This paper mainly aims at the shortcomings of the existing TCCON and the portable verification equipment EM27\/SUN, and develops a High-Resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer (HRFTS) based on dynamic collimation technology. Through the gas absorption method and the band scanning method of the hyperspectral monochromatic light source, the instrument\u2019s absorption spectrum measurement capability and the Instrument Line Shape (ILS) are demonstrated. The instrument\u2019s spectral resolution is consistent with the on-orbit greenhouse gas satellite load, reaching 0.26 cm\u22121. For the interference data obtained by the spectrometer, spectral restoration processing, data quality control and inversion algorithm optimization were carried out to solve the problems of baseline correction, spectral fine registration, and environmental parameter profile reconstruction, and cross comparison experiments with EM27\/SUN were carried out simultaneously. Finally, for the gases monitoring instrument (GMI) of the GF5-02 satellite launched on 7 September 2021, the first satellite ground synchronization verification experiment with high space-time matching was carried out. The results showed that the CO2 column concentration deviation of the satellite ground synchronization inversion was about 1.5 ppm, and the CH4 column concentration deviation was about 11.3 ppb, which verified the on-orbit detection accuracy of the GMI, and laid a foundation for the subsequent satellite inversion algorithm optimization and systematic error correction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15061671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T04:33:31Z","timestamp":1679286811000},"page":"1671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["High Resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer for Ground-Based Verification of Greenhouse Gases Satellites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5235-2698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hailiang","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of General Optical Calibration and Characterization Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of General Optical Calibration and Characterization Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"given":"Hanhan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of General Optical Calibration and Characterization Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"given":"Shichao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of General Optical Calibration and Characterization Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of General Optical Calibration and Characterization Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of General Optical Calibration and Characterization Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of General Optical Calibration and Characterization Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8852-8448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of General Optical Calibration and Characterization Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"given":"Xianhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of General Optical Calibration and Characterization Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18307","article-title":"Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2 \u00b0C","volume":"534","author":"Rogelj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"640","article-title":"IPCC Special Report on 1.5 \u2009\u00b0C Warming: A Starting of New Era of Global Mitigation","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clim. 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