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Our approach uses deep learning and domain adaptation, designed to handle domain shifts between the training and test data, which is a common challenge in this agricultural applications. This method uses a source dataset with annotated plants and a target dataset without annotations and adapts a model trained on the source dataset to the target dataset using unsupervised domain alignment and pseudolabeling. The experimental results show the effectiveness of this approach for plant counting in aerial images of pineapples under significative domain shift, achieving a reduction up to 97% in the counting error (1.42 in absolute count) when compared to the supervised baseline (48.6 in absolute count).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15061700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T06:00:01Z","timestamp":1679464801000},"page":"1700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Overcoming Domain Shift in Neural Networks for Accurate Plant Counting in Aerial Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0305-7806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Rodriguez-Vazquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Vision and Aerial Robotics Group, Centre for Automation and Robotics (C.A.R.), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Computer Vision and Aerial Robotics Group, Department of Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), 28031 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3822-075X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Fernandez-Cortizas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Vision and Aerial Robotics Group, Centre for Automation and Robotics (C.A.R.), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2571-3165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Perez-Saura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Vision and Aerial Robotics Group, Centre for Automation and Robotics (C.A.R.), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7145-1974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Vision and Aerial Robotics Group, Department of Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), 28031 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9894-2009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascual","family":"Campoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Vision and Aerial Robotics Group, Centre for Automation and Robotics (C.A.R.), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PRAG.0000040806.39604.aa","article-title":"Precision agriculture and sustainability","volume":"5","author":"Bongiovanni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Precis. 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