{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:00:39Z","timestamp":1760148039404,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2019YFC1509102","2021YFB3900105-7","42276257","41876230","41941006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1509102","2021YFB3900105-7","42276257","41876230","41941006"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019YFC1509102","2021YFB3900105-7","42276257","41876230","41941006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1509102","2021YFB3900105-7","42276257","41876230","41941006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Basal melt in the Dome A region will influence the deep-ice-core drilling at Kunlun Station. The melting point (wet bedrock) has a higher reflectivity than the surrounding area, which can be assessed using radar echoes from the bedrock. This paper uses a linear absorption model to determine wet and dry ice\u2013bedrock interfaces around the Kunlun drilling site. In the determination process, an artificial intelligence model was applied to extract the ice\u2013bedrock interface for inferring the ice thickness. Additionally, the various depth-averaged attenuation rates were used to identify the maximal range of basal melting. We mapped the patterns of the wet points on the bottom of the ice sheet and the modeled basal temperature to verify the results of the wet bed conditions. According to these maps of wet bed conditions, the areas with basal melting around the drilling site primarily appear in valley walls with low basal temperatures and are linked with hydraulic potential and bedrock elevation. Identifying the ice\u2013bedrock interface is challenging in the valley bottom area, where the melting points are less than at the valley walls. Additionally, the melting proportions of 11.8% and 3.62% were calculated from two ice-penetrating radar data in this research. The mapped melting points around the site of Kunlun ice core drilling suggest complex ice flow effects and can be used to better interpret archives of old ice for paleoclimate research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15071726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T05:19:24Z","timestamp":1679548764000},"page":"1726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Basal Melt Patterns around the Deep Ice Core Drilling Site in the Dome A Region from Ice-Penetrating Radar Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polar Science of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6226-4891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueyuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polar Science of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China"},{"name":"School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enzhao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polar Science of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary and Innovate Research, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polar Science of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China"},{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polar Science of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-8-1121-2014","article-title":"How old is the ice beneath Dome A, Antarctica?","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3189\/2014AoG68A006","article-title":"Chinese First Deep Ice-Core Drilling Project DK-1 at Dome A, Antarctica (2011\u20132013): Progress and performance","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. 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