{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:54:45Z","timestamp":1775562885928,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CRHIAM, Center for Research on Water for Agriculture and Mining","award":["ANID\/FONDAP\/15130015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANID\/FONDAP\/15130015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aquifer surveillance is key to understanding the dynamics of groundwater reservoirs. Attention should be focused on developing strategies to monitor and mitigate the adverse consequences of overexploitation. In this context, ground surface deformation monitoring allows us to estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater levels, determine the recharge times of the aquifers, and calibrate the hydrological models. This study proposes a methodology for implementing advanced multitemporal differential interferometry (InSAR) techniques for water withdrawal surveillance and early warning assessment. For this, large open-access images were used, a total of 145 SAR images from the Sentinel 1 C-band satellite provided by the Copernicus mission of the European Space Agency. InSAR processing was carried out with an algorithm based on parallel computing technology implemented in cloud infrastructure, optimizing complex workflows and processing times. The surveillance period records 6-years of satellite observation from September 2016 to December 2021 over the city of Chillan (Chile), an area exposed to urban development and intensive agriculture, where ~80 wells are located. The groundwater flow path spans from the Andes Mountain range to the Pacific Ocean, crossing the Itata river basin in the Chilean central valley. InSAR validation measurements were carried out by comparing the results with the values of continuous GNSS stations available in the area of interest. The performance analysis is based on spatial analysis, time series, meteorological stations data, and static level measurements, as well as hydrogeological structure. The results indicate seasonal variations in winter and summer, which corresponds to the recovery and drawdown periods with velocities &gt; \u221210 mm\/year, and an aquifer deterioration trend of up to 60 mm registered in the satellite SAR observation period. Our results show an efficient tool to monitor aquifer conditions, including irreversible consolidation and storage capacity loss, allowing timely decision making to avoid harmful exploitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15071786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T06:46:19Z","timestamp":1679899579000},"page":"1786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["InSAR-Based Early Warning Monitoring Framework to Assess Aquifer Deterioration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6831-0847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Orellana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1471-8449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Concepci\u00f3n, Chillan 3780000, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8598-7120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Montalva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070409, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8101-3510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Arumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Resources Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4089100, Chile"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/ird.2206","article-title":"Assessment of Land Subsidence and Climate Change Impacts on Inundation Hazard in Southwestern Taiwan","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Irrig. Drain."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147415","article-title":"We lose ground: Global assessment of land subsidence impact extent","volume":"786","author":"Dinar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064006","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa7146","article-title":"Impacts of 25 years of groundwater extraction on subsidence in the Mekong delta, Vietnam","volume":"12","author":"Minderhoud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150106","article-title":"Soil degradation in the European Mediterranean region: Processes, status and consequences","volume":"805","author":"Ferreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149244","article-title":"Spatiotemporal modeling of land subsidence using a geographically weighted deep learning method based on PS-InSAR","volume":"799","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019WR026621","DOI":"10.1029\/2019WR026621","article-title":"Groundwater Storage Loss Associated with Land Subsidence in Western US Mapped Using Machine Learning","volume":"56","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrh.2022.101240","article-title":"Threat of land subsidence to the groundwater supply capacity of a multi-layer aquifer system","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Abidin, H.Z., Andreas, H., Gumilar, I., Sidiq, T.P., and Gamal, M. (2015). FIG Working Week, TS 3\u2014Positioning and Measurement."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17581-y","article-title":"Divergent effects of climate change on future groundwater availability in key mid-latitude aquifers","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-022-02517-1","article-title":"Review: Urban groundwater issues and resource management, and their roles in the resilience of cities","volume":"30","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hydrogeol. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guzy, A., and Malinowska, A.A. (2020). State of the Art and Recent Advancements in the Modelling of Land Subsidence Induced by Groundwater Withdrawal. Water, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/w12072051"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-020-02255-2","article-title":"Numerical modelling of land subsidence related to groundwater withdrawal in the Firenze-Prato-Pistoia basin (central Italy)","volume":"29","author":"Ceccatelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hydrogeol. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-011-0775-5","article-title":"Review: Regional Land Subsidence Accompanying Groundwater Extraction","volume":"19","author":"Galloway","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hydrogeol. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/15732471003588387","article-title":"Structural integrity monitoring for dependability","volume":"71","author":"Arangio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Struct. Infrastruct. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3020305","article-title":"Spaceborne Differential SAR Interferometry: Data Analysis Tools for Deformation Measurement","volume":"3","author":"Crosetto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160701395278","article-title":"Two-scale surface deformation analysis using the SBAS-DInSAR technique: A case study of the city of Rome, Italy","volume":"29","author":"Manunta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozzano, F., Esposito, C., Mazzanti, P., Patti, M., and Scancella, S. (2018). Imaging Multi-Age Construction Settlement Behaviour by Advanced SAR Interferometry. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10071137"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orellana, F., Hormaz\u00e1bal, J., Montalva, G., and Moreno, M. (2022). Measuring Coastal Subsidence after Recent Earthquakes in Chile Central Using SAR Interferometry and GNSS Data. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14071611"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3696","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2016.1201233","article-title":"Episodic ground deformation signals in Thessaly Plain (Greece) revealed by data mining of SAR interferometry time series","volume":"37","author":"Foumelis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.09.029","article-title":"Slope deformation prior to Zhouqu, China landslide from InSAR time series analysis","volume":"156","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Brunori, C.A., Norini, G., Stramondo, S., Capra, L., Zucca, F., Groppelli, G., Bignami, C., Chini, M., Manea, M., and Manea, V. (2022, January 01). Crustal deformation induced by volcanic activity measured by InSAR time series analysis (Volcan de Colima-Mexico). In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts; 2010; p. 6958. Available online: https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2010EGUGA..12.6958B\/abstract."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orellana, F., Delgado Blasco, J.M., Foumelis, M., D\u2019Aranno, P.J.V., Marsella, M.A., and Di Mascio, P.D. (2020). Dinsar for road infrastructure monitoring: Case study highway network of Rome metropolitan (Italy). Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223697"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W4-251-2018","article-title":"Differential Sar Interferometry Technique for Control of Linear Infrastructures Affected by Ground Instability Phenomena","volume":"3","author":"Infante","year":"2018","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152211","article-title":"Urban growth and land subsidence: Multi-decadal investigation using human settlement data and satellite InSAR in Morelia, Mexico","volume":"811","author":"Cigna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134757","article-title":"Improving multi-technique monitoring using Sentinel-1 and Cosmo-SkyMed data and upgrading groundwater model capabilities","volume":"703","author":"Ezquerro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139111","article-title":"Land subsidence and its relation with groundwater aquifers in Beijing Plain of China","volume":"735","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157103","article-title":"Analyzing urbanization induced groundwater stress and land deformation using time-series Sentinel-1 datasets applying PSInSAR approach","volume":"844","author":"Awasthi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orellana, F., Moreno, M., and Y\u00e1\u00f1ez, G. (2022). High-Resolution Deformation Monitoring from DInSAR: Implications for Geohazards and Ground Stability in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, Chile. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14236115"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10676","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61110676","article-title":"Sentinel-1 for Monitoring Reservoirs: A Performance Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Amitrano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.07.010","article-title":"Understanding the Subsidence Process of a Quaternary Plain by Combining Geological and Hydrogeological Modelling with Satellite InSAR Data: The Acque Albule Plain Case Study","volume":"168","author":"Bozzano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2014.08.040","article-title":"A Quasi-Elastic Aquifer Deformational Behavior: Madrid Aquifer Case Study","volume":"519","author":"Ezquerro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359325","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1359325","article-title":"Groundwater and Subsidence Modeling Combining Geological and Multi-Satellite SAR Data over the Alto Guadalent\u00edn Aquifer (SE Spain)","volume":"2017","author":"Ezquerro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geofluids"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/36.898661","article-title":"Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry","volume":"39","author":"Ferretti","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2002.803792","article-title":"A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms","volume":"40","author":"Berardino","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2015.10.011","article-title":"Persistent Scatterer Interferometry: A Review","volume":"115","author":"Crosetto","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3460","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2011.2124465","article-title":"A New Algorithm for Processing Interferometric Data-Stacks: SqueeSAR","volume":"49","author":"Ferretti","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooper, A.J. (2008). A Multi-Temporal InSAR Method Incorporating Both Persistent Scatterer and Small Baseline Approaches. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35.","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL034654"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2014.2322671","article-title":"SBAS-DInSAR Parallel Processing for Deformation Time Series Computation","volume":"7","author":"Casu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6259","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2904912","article-title":"The Parallel SBAS Approach for Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide Swath Deformation Time-Series Generation: Algorithm Description and Products Quality Assessment","volume":"57","author":"Manunta","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Manunta, M., Casu, F., Zinno, I., de Luca, C., Pacini, F., Brito, F., Blanco, P., Iglesias, R., Lopez, A., and Briole, P. (2017, January 23\u201328). The Geohazards Exploitation Platform: An advanced cloud-based environment for the Earth Science community. Proceedings of the19th EGU General Assembly, EGU2017, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foumelis, M., Papadopoulou, T., Bally, P., Pacini, F., Provost, F., and Patruno, J. (August, January 28). Monitoring Geohazards Using On-Demand and Systematic Services on Esa\u2019s Geohazards Exploitation Platform. Proceedings of the IGARSS 2019, IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Yokohama, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2019.8898304"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galve, J.P., P\u00e9rez-Pe\u00f1a, J.V., Aza\u00f1\u00f3n, J.M., Closon, D., Cal\u00f2, F., Reyes-Carmona, C., Jabaloy, A., Ruano, P., Mateos, R.M., and Notti, D. (2017). Evaluation of the SBAS InSAR Service of the European Space Agency\u2019s Geohazard Exploitation Platform (GEP). Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9121291"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reyes-Carmona, C., Galve, J.P., Barra, A., Monserrat, O., Maria Mateos, R., Aza\u00f1\u00f3n, J.M., Perez-Pena, J.V., and Ruano, P. (2020, January 3\u20138). The Sentinel-1 CNR-IREA SBAS service of the European Space Agency\u2019s Geohazard Exploitation Platform (GEP) as a powerful tool for landslide activity detection and monitoring. Proceedings of the EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria.","DOI":"10.5194\/egusphere-egu2020-19410"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Avil\u00e9s, F. (2006). Hydrogeological characterization of the Chill\u00e1n sheet (36\u00b030\u2032\u201336\u00b045\u2032South Latitude and 72\u00b000\u2032\u201372\u00b015\u2032 West Longitude), VIII Region of B\u00edob\u00edo, Chile, University of Concepci\u00f3n. Report to qualify for the title of Geologist."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2016.2598397","article-title":"A cloud computing solution for the efficient implementation of the P-SBAS DInSAR approach","volume":"10","author":"Zinno","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imperatore, P., Pepe, A., and Sansosti, E. (2021). High performance computing in satellite SAR interferometry: A critical perspective. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13234756"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-013-2990-y","article-title":"Time-series analysis of subsidence associated with rapid urbanization in Shanghai, China measured with SBAS InSAR method","volume":"72","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RG2004","DOI":"10.1029\/2005RG000183","article-title":"The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission","volume":"45","author":"Farr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2017.2691398","article-title":"Coregistration of Interferometric Stacks of Sentinel-1 TOPS Data","volume":"14","author":"DeZan","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"4","article-title":"Interactions between surface and groundwater in the B\u00edo B\u00edo region of Chile","volume":"12","author":"Rivera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Work. Proj."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1029\/2018EO104623","article-title":"Harnessing the GPS data explosion for interdisciplinary science","volume":"99","author":"Blewitt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eos"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goovaerts, P. (1997). Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195115383.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01307-4","article-title":"Dynamic World, Near real-time global 10 m land use land cover mapping","volume":"9","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-006-0121-5","article-title":"The application of satellite differential SAR interferometry-derived ground displacements in hydrogeology","volume":"15","author":"Galloway","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hydrogeol. J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1610","article-title":"The 2011 Lorca earthquake slip distribution controlled by groundwater crustal unloading","volume":"5","author":"Tiampo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2015.08.014","article-title":"Twenty-year advanced DInSAR analysis of severe land subsidence: The Alto Guadalent\u00edn Basin (Spain) case study","volume":"198","author":"Herrera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taftazani, R., Kazama, S., and Takizawa, S. (2022). Spatial Analysis of Groundwater Abstraction and Land Subsidence for Planning the Piped Water Supply in Jakarta, Indonesia. Toilet, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/w14203197"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Earle, S. (2023, March 21). Physical Geology. Victoria, BC: BCcampus. 2015. Available online: https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geology\/."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"874","article-title":"Principles of soil mechanics: IV","volume":"95","author":"Terzaghi","year":"1925","journal-title":"Settlement and consolidation of clay. Erdbaummechanic"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1712886","article-title":"General theory of three-dimensional consolidation","volume":"12","author":"Biot","year":"1941","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022GL098923","DOI":"10.1029\/2022GL098923","article-title":"Land Subsidence and Aquifer-System Storage Loss in Central Mexico: A Quasi-Continental Investigation with Sentinel-1 InSAR","volume":"49","author":"Cigna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/7\/1786\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:04:00Z","timestamp":1760123040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/7\/1786"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15071786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15071786","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]}}}