{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T02:19:42Z","timestamp":1776392382352,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heatwaves are now considered one of the main stressors of global warming. As a result of anthropogenic warming, atmospheric and oceanic heatwaves have increased in frequency, intensity and duration in recent decades. These extreme events have recently become a major concern in climate research due to their economic and environmental impacts on ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the co-occurrence and relationship between atmospheric and marine heatwaves (AHW\/MHW) in the Eastern Mediterranean (EMED) over the last four decades (1982\u20132021). Furthermore, the spatio-temporal variability and trends of sea surface temperature (SST), near-surface air temperature (SAT), AHW and MHW characteristics (frequency and duration) were examined. For these objectives, we used daily gridded high-resolution satellite SST data (0.05\u00b0 \u00d7 0.05\u00b0) and the fifth generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF-ERA5) atmospheric reanalysis SAT and wind components (0.25\u00b0 \u00d7 0.25\u00b0). The results showed an average warming trend of about 0.38 \u00b1 0.08 \u00b0C\/decade and 0.43 \u00b1 0.05 \u00b0C\/decade for SAT and SST, respectively. A high statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) correlation (R = 0.90) was found between AHW and MHW frequency. Our results showed that more than half of the MHWs in the EMED co-occurred with AHWs throughout the study period. The most intense summer MHW in 2021, which co-occurred with AHW, was associated with higher positive anomalies of SAT and SST, and a decrease in the wind speed anomaly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15071841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T04:45:35Z","timestamp":1680151535000},"page":"1841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Co-Occurrence of Atmospheric and Oceanic Heatwaves in the Eastern Mediterranean over the Last Four Decades"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3218-8760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Aboelkhair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Geographical Information Systems, Faculty of Arts, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6927-960X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bayoumy","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0271-2074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa","family":"Morsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astronomy and Meteorology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7206-4113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazem","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt"},{"name":"Marine Institute, H91 R673 Galway, Ireland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuroda, H., and Setou, T. 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