{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T03:23:11Z","timestamp":1775704991947,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03SX482C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03SX482C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional capturing of underwater archeological sites or sunken shipwrecks can support important documentation purposes. In this study, a novel 3D scanning system based on structured illumination is introduced, which supports cultural heritage documentation and measurement tasks in underwater environments. The newly developed system consists of two monochrome measurement cameras, a projection unit that produces aperiodic sinusoidal fringe patterns, two flashlights, a color camera, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), and an electronic control box. The opportunities and limitations of the measurement principles of the 3D scanning system are discussed and compared to other 3D recording methods such as laser scanning, ultrasound, and photogrammetry, in the context of underwater applications. Some possible operational scenarios concerning cultural heritage documentation are introduced and discussed. A report on application activities in water basins and offshore environments including measurement examples and results of the accuracy measurements is given. The study shows that the new 3D scanning system can be used for both the topographic documentation of underwater sites and to generate detailed true-scale 3D models including the texture and color information of objects that must remain under water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15071864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T01:37:02Z","timestamp":1680226622000},"page":"1864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Underwater 3D Scanning System for Cultural Heritage Documentation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Br\u00e4uer-Burchardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Munkelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bleier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics and Telematics Department of Computer Science, Julius-Maximilian University W\u00fcrzburg, Sanderring 2, 97070 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Heinze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Gebhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"K\u00fchmstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany"}]},{"given":"Gunther","family":"Notni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Machine Engineering Faculty, Technical University Ilmenau, Ehrenbergstra\u00dfe 29, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2018.02.017","article-title":"State of the art and applications in archaeological underwater 3D recording and mapping","volume":"33","author":"Menna","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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