{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:21:09Z","timestamp":1773274869252,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/03207-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/03207-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In two small and isolated wetlands located at the interface of the Atlantic Forest and Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) in S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil, we employed a pixel-based supervised classification approach using a combination of panchromatic and multispectral bands obtained from Landsat 2, 5, 7, and CBERS-04A satellites (ranging from 80 to 2 m\/pixel). In addition, we acquired DJI Phantom 4 Pro UAV-RGB images in twelve different periods with a resolution of +5 cm\/pixel. Furthermore, we utilized 2D and 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) to obtain data on the surroundings and center of the wetlands. Finally, we conducted a climatological data analysis. The results from the multisource data allowed us to classify the ecosystems as geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs), for which we documented a seasonal month-to-month (12 months) spatial variation of inundated area, vegetation pattern, soil water interaction, and a point of surface and deep-subsurface water interaction. These results are essential for high-accuracy characterization of small wetlands\u2019 hydrodynamics and hydroperiods at the local scale. Our study contributes to optimizing GIWs understanding, monitoring, and reapplication of the methodology in other wetlands or small ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15071870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T08:27:27Z","timestamp":1680251247000},"page":"1870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Satellite, UAV, and Geophysical Data to Identify Surface and Subsurface Hydrodynamics of Geographically Isolated Wetlands: Understanding an Undervalued Ecosystem at the Atlantic Forest-Cerrado Interface of Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lucas Moreira","family":"Furlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4516-6373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Eduardo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAPIG\u2014Image Processing and GIS Laboratory, Institute of Socio-Environmental Studies, Samambaia Campus, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Av. Esperan\u00e7a s\/n, Goi\u00e2nia 74690-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar Augusto","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Paulo Guilherme","family":"de Alencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Matheus Felipe Stanfoca","family":"Casagrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"V\u00e2nia","family":"Rosolen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moorkamp, M., Leli\u00e8vre, P.G., Linde, N., and Khan, A. 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