{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:02:28Z","timestamp":1760148148781,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000192","name":"(Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies\u2014CISESS) at the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA19NES432002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA19NES432002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) is the primary instrument onboard the NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series (GOES-R) satellites, providing continuous weather imagery over the vast area in the Western Hemisphere. It is imperative to ensure consistent calibration accuracy within the instrument\u2019s field of regard (FOR). This paper characterized the spatial uniformity in the east\u2013west (EW) direction for the six ABI visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands of the first two GOES-R satellites, GOES-16 (G16) and GOES-17 (G17), using a special collection of lunar chasing images during their post-launch testing and post-launch product testing (PLT\/PLPT) periods. The EW response versus scan-angle (RVS) is examined with the normalized lunar irradiance ratios at varying scan angles combined from multiple lunar-chasing events. The impacts of straylight from the Earth were found in some of the B01\u2013B03 lunar images. The straylight, including those scattered into the spacelook scenes near the polar regions and those leaked into space near the Moon, can cause RVS variation up to 1% for B01 and to a lesser magnitude for the other two bands. Straylight correction algorithms are applied for the accurate ABI lunar image irradiance calculation. After the corrections, the RVS variation is reduced to less than 0.3% for all the VNIR bands of both G16\/17 in full-disk (FD) images. Results of this study also confirm that the Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) Implementation of the ROLO (GIRO) model has high relative accuracy for the ABI VNIR bands when the lunar images are collected within a relatively short time. The method described in this paper can be applied to validate the EW spatial uniformity for imagers on other geostationary satellites, including the recently launched GOES-18 and the future GOES-U satellites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15071881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T10:19:33Z","timestamp":1680257973000},"page":"1881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of the East\u2014West Spatial Uniformity for GOES-16\/17 ABI Bands Using the Moon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8343-0863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangfang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7804-5650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangqian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOAA\/NESDIS\/Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Science & Technology, Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20774, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalluri, S., Alcala, C., Carr, J., Griffith, P., Lebair, W., Lindsey, D., Race, R., Wu, X., and Zierk, S. 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Environ."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/7\/1881\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:07:45Z","timestamp":1760123265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/7\/1881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15071881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15071881","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]}}}