{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T07:38:16Z","timestamp":1768289896334,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014132","name":"EMPIR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19ENV03 Infra-AUV"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19ENV03 Infra-AUV"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To improve the confidence and quality of measurements produced by regional and international infrasound monitoring networks, this work investigates a methodology for propagating uncertainty associated with on-site measurement systems. We focus on the propagation of sensor calibration uncertainties. The proposed approach is applied to synthetic infrasound signals with known back azimuth and trace velocity, recorded at the array elements. Relevant input uncertainties are investigated for propagation targeting the incoming signals (noise), instrumentation (microbarometers, calibration system, wind noise reduction system), and the time-delay-of-arrival (TDOA) model (frequency band). Uncertainty propagation is performed using the Monte Carlo method to obtain the corresponding uncertainties of the relevant output quantities of interest, namely back azimuth and trace velocity. The results indicate that, at high frequencies, large sensor uncertainties are acceptable. However, at low frequencies (&lt;0.1 Hz), even a 2\u2218 sensor phase uncertainty can lead to errors in the back azimuth of up to 5\u2218 and errors in the trace velocity of 20 m\/s.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15071892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T01:37:05Z","timestamp":1680485825000},"page":"1892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Contribution to Uncertainty Propagation Associated with On-Site Calibration of Infrasound Monitoring Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7885-4143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9verine","family":"Demeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire National de M\u00e9trologie et d\u2019Essais, 29 Avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes CEDEX, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5015-4188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel K.","family":"Kristoffersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Le Pichon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Larsonnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3628-8117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire National de M\u00e9trologie et d\u2019Essais, 29 Avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes CEDEX, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polar.2014.07.005","article-title":"Infrasound array observations in the L\u00fctzow-Holm Bay region, East Antarctica","volume":"9","author":"Murayama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polar Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Pichon, A., Blanc, E., and Hauchecorne, A. 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