{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T16:24:03Z","timestamp":1783787043897,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41005019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41005019"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61527805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61527805"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41965001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41965001"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["XAB 2016A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XAB 2016A07"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2019JQ-931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JQ-931"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["E1294301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E1294301"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013494","name":"West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41005019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41005019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013494","name":"West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61527805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61527805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013494","name":"West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41965001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41965001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013494","name":"West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XAB 2016A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XAB 2016A07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013494","name":"West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019JQ-931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JQ-931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013494","name":"West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E1294301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E1294301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017596","name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41005019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41005019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017596","name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61527805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61527805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017596","name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41965001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41965001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017596","name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XAB 2016A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XAB 2016A07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017596","name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019JQ-931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JQ-931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017596","name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E1294301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E1294301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the West Light Cross-Disciplinary Innovation team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["41005019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41005019"]}]},{"name":"the West Light Cross-Disciplinary Innovation team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["61527805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61527805"]}]},{"name":"the West Light Cross-Disciplinary Innovation team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["41965001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41965001"]}]},{"name":"the West Light Cross-Disciplinary Innovation team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XAB 2016A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XAB 2016A07"]}]},{"name":"the West Light Cross-Disciplinary Innovation team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2019JQ-931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JQ-931"]}]},{"name":"the West Light Cross-Disciplinary Innovation team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["E1294301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E1294301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate stratospheric temperature observations are crucial for weather forecasts and climate change studies. This paper discusses a precise measurement method for the stratospheric temperature profile using narrow bands with ultra-high spectral resolution from nadir-viewing satellites. First, the CO2 absorption band around 15 \u03bcm is selected as the major sounding source by the calculation and analysis of the temperature Jacobian and the atmospheric molecular spectra. Next, the influence of spectral resolution, spectral range and instrumental noise on the sounding capability is analyzed, and the sounding feasibility of the single spectral band and multiple spectral bands is discussed under the condition that the spaceborne long-wave infrared space heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) is selected as suggested sounder onboard the satellite. Finally, the optimal joint-sounding scheme of narrow bands is proposed. The temperature retrieval and validation show that the joint-sounding of two discontinuous narrow bands can realize the high precision measurement of the stratospheric temperature profile for the given spectral resolution, spectral range, and instrumental noise. When the sounder adopts two narrow bands (the regions of 666.87\u2013676.44 cm\u22121 and 683.58\u2013693.15 cm\u22121) and a spectral resolution of 0.03 cm\u22121, the retrieval accuracy (RMSE) is about 0.9 K over a pressure range of 200 to 0.7 hPa (11.5\u201350 km). This study will provide technical preparation for high-precision and low-cost satellite sounder design for stratospheric temperature observations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15081967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T03:19:54Z","timestamp":1681096794000},"page":"1967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stratospheric Temperature Observations by Narrow Bands Ultra-High Spectral Resolution Sounder from Nadir-Viewing Satellites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sufeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of Chinese Academy of Science, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of Chinese Academy of Science, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of Chinese Academy of Science, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of Chinese Academy of Science, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of Chinese Academy of Science, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of Chinese Academy of Science, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), Innovation Center for Feng Yun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), China Meteorological Administrations, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1927","article-title":"Investigating the influence of carbon dioxide and the stratosphere on the long-term tropospheric temperature monitoring from HIRS","volume":"49","author":"Chung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1029\/95RG02097","article-title":"Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange","volume":"33","author":"Holton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1029\/2003RG000133","article-title":"Mesosphere inversion layers and stratosphere temperature enhancements","volume":"42","author":"Meriwether","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-16-0085.1","article-title":"A Characterization of the Quality of the Stratospheric Temperature Distributions from SABER based on Comparisons with COSMIC Data","volume":"33","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1029\/1999RG000065","article-title":"Stratospheric temperature trends: Observations and model simulations","volume":"39","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1085688","article-title":"Weather from the stratosphere?","volume":"301","author":"Baldwin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL091453","article-title":"Quasi-10-Day Wave and Semidiurnal Tide Nonlinear Interactions During the Southern Hemispheric SSW 2019 Observed in the Northern Hemispheric Mesosphere","volume":"47","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"27687","article-title":"Study of a Quasi 4-Day Oscillation During the 2018\/2019 SSW Over Mohe, China","volume":"125","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Space"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Keckhut, P., Claud, C., Funatsu, B., Hauchecorne, A., Maury, P., Khaykin, S., Pichon, A.L., and Steinbrecht, W. (2019). Infrasound Monitoring for Atmospheric Studies, Springer."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1203","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.0A1203","article-title":"Mobile Rayleigh Doppler lidar for wind and temperature measurements in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere","volume":"22","author":"Dou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36311","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.036311","article-title":"Preliminary exploration of atmospheric water vapor, liquid water and ice water by ultraviolet Raman lidar","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Dudhia, A. (2015). Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Dong, C., Li, J., and Zhang, P. (2013). The Principle and Application of Satellite Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Science Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-16-0018.1","article-title":"Stratospheric Temperature Climate Data Record from Merged SSU and AMSU-A Observations","volume":"33","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(2000)039<1248:GSOTAF>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Global soundings of the atmosphere from ATOVS measurements: The algorithm and validation","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-971-2018","article-title":"Single-footprint retrievals of temperature, water vapor and cloud properties from AIRS","volume":"11","author":"Irion","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24753","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.024753","article-title":"Partially scanned interferogram methodology applied to IASI for the retrieval of CO, CO2, CH4 and N2O","volume":"21","author":"Grieco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2017.2744558","article-title":"Validation of Atmospheric Profile Retrievals from the SNPP NOAA-Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System. Part 1: Temperature and Moisture","volume":"56","author":"Nalli","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.4282","article-title":"Analysis of MTG-IRS observations and general channel selection for numerical weather prediction models","volume":"148","author":"Coopmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S., Hu, H., Fang, C., Wang, S., Xun, S., He, B., Wu, W., and Huo, Y. (2022). Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (HIRAS) atmospheric sounding system. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14163882"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, X., Bao, Y., Petropoulos, G.P., Lu, F., Lu, Q., Zhu, L., and Wu, Y. (2020). Temperature and humidity profile retrieval from FY4-GIIRS hyperspectral data using artificial neural networks. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12111872"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Olsen, E.T. (2022, September 01). AIRS\/AMSU\/HSB Version 5 CalVal Status Summary, Available online: https:\/\/docserver.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov\/repository\/Mission\/AIRS\/3.7_ScienceDataProductValidation\/V5_CalVal_Status_Summary.pdf."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Schluessel, P. (2006, January 8\u201312). IASI instrument performances just before the launch of MetOp. Proceedings of the ESA Atmospheric Science Conference, Frascati, Italy."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2013.2258138","article-title":"Estimation of Atmospheric Profiles from Hyperspectral Infrared IASI Sensor","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"11","article-title":"Retrieval of Stratospheric Temperature from Radiance Measurements by Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infrared"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s11707-020-0841-1","article-title":"Research on vertical spatial characteristic of satellite infrared hyperspectral atmospheric sounding data","volume":"16","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, P., Guo, Q., Han, C., Zhang, C., Yang, T., and Huang, S. (2021). An improved method combining ANN and 1D-Var for the retrieval of atmospheric temperature profiles from FY-4A\/GIIRS hyperspectral data. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030481"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(2002)041<0144:ARNNAF>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A regularized neural net approach for retrieval of atmospheric and surface temperatures with the IASI instrument","volume":"41","author":"Aires","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-13-629-2020","article-title":"A channel selection method for hyperspectral atmospheric infrared sounders based on layering","volume":"13","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5924","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.54.005924","article-title":"Infrared atmospheric sounder interferometer radiometric noise assessment from spectral residuals","volume":"54","author":"Serio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"545","article-title":"Channel selection of atmosphere vertical sounder (GIIRS) onboard the FY-4A geostationary satellite","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infrared Millim. Waves"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Yang, X. (2020). Retrieval of Temperature for Near Space Atmoshpere Based on Oxygen A-Band Emission Spectrum. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences]."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Zeng, Q. (1974). The Principle of Atmospheric Infrared Remote Sensing, Science Press."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-13-2659-2020","article-title":"Update of Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) channel selection with correlated observation errors for numerical weather prediction (NWP)","volume":"13","author":"Coopmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-1009-2011","article-title":"The use of IASI data to identify systematic errors in the ECMWF forecasts of temperature in the upper stratosphere","volume":"11","author":"Masiello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8499","DOI":"10.1029\/98JD00209","article-title":"Non local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) atmospheric limb emission at 4.6 \u03bcm: 1. An update of the CO2 non-LTE radiative transfer model","volume":"103","author":"Zaragoza","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"154","article-title":"CO2 limb radiation in the middle and upper atmosphere: Comparison analysis of simulation and measurement","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infrared Laser Eng."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnet, C.D., Smith, N., Ide, K., Garrett, K., and Jones, E. (2023). Evaluating the Value of CrIS Shortwave-Infrared Channels in Atmospheric-Sounding Retrievals. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15030547"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2021.107949","article-title":"The HITRAN2020 molecular spectroscopic database","volume":"277","author":"Gordon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.615","article-title":"Estimates of spatial and interchannel observation-error characteristics for current sounder radiances for numerical weather prediction. II: Application to AIRS and IASI data","volume":"136","author":"Bormann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10547","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.448504","article-title":"Design study of a cross-dispersed spatial heterodyne spectrometer","volume":"30","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22720","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.395569","article-title":"New design and calibration method for a tunable single-grating spatial heterodyne spectrometer","volume":"28","author":"Nemeth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7297","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.46.007297","article-title":"Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (DASH): Concept and experimental demonstra","volume":"46","author":"Englert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2004.05.058","article-title":"Atmospheric radiative transfer modeling: A summary of the AER codes","volume":"91","author":"Clough","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectros. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Wu, X. (2019). Study on the Methodology and Applications of Retrieving Atmospheric Parameter Profiles Using Infrared High-Resolution Spectra. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Science and Technology of China]."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"(2019, September 01). LBLRTM Specification File. Available online: http:\/\/rtweb.aer.com\/lblrtm_frame.html."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4189","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD900254","article-title":"Temperature and humidity retrieval from simulated Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) measurements","volume":"107","author":"Lerner","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodgers, C.D. (2000). Inverse Methods for Atmospheres: Theory and Practice, World Scientific.","DOI":"10.1142\/3171"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5717","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-14-5717-2021","article-title":"A simulation-experiment-based assessment of retrievals of above-cloud temperature and water vapor using a hyperspectral infrared sounder","volume":"14","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Technol."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"111","article-title":"8446-Angstrom observations of neutral oxygen with the Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer at Millstone Hill","volume":"7438","author":"Fineschi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.46.000200","article-title":"Trade-off studies of a hyperspectral infrared sounder on a geostationary satellite","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffiths, P.R., and Haseth, J.A. (2007). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/047010631X"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, S.P., Abrams, M.C., and Brault, J.W. (2001). Fourier Transform Spectrometry, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012042510-5\/50002-0"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1080\/07055900.2013.855160","article-title":"SWIFT-DASH: Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy Approach to Stratospheric Wind and Ozone Measurement","volume":"53","author":"Solheim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Ocean"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/8\/1967\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:12:08Z","timestamp":1760123528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/8\/1967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15081967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15081967","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]}}}