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Universities","award":["2042021kf0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2042021kf0020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a circularly polarized turnstile antenna for a meteor radar system. The antenna employs a pair of turnstile radiators, a 1:2 power divider and a 90\u00b0 phase shifter. After a series of simulations and optimizations, the maximum circularly polarized gain at 39 MHz is 5.9 dBic with 96\u00b0 3 dB beam width. The simulated axial ratio below 3 dB is from \u221239\u00b0 to 39\u00b0 within the band of interest. Then, the proposed antenna is fabricated and applied to a meteor radar system. Two tests are carried out for radiation characteristics demonstration. In the first test, the VSWR of the proposed antenna is below 1.2 at 38.5\u201339.5 MHz and keeps good agreement with simulation results. However, the meteor azimuth distribution is illogical when the output results are compared with the Australian meteor detection radar (ATRAD) meteor detection. To address the problem, baluns are investigated and introduced for balanced feeding. The 1:1 unbalance\u2013balance transformer has been used to improve the radiation characteristics of the designed antenna. The final test results show that the meteor radar system with the improved antenna achieves better performances in meteor counts and meteor azimuth distribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15082058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T01:32:03Z","timestamp":1681435923000},"page":"2058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A VHF Circularly Polarized Turnstile Antenna with Balun for Meteor Radar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2692-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}]},{"given":"Mingjie","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Space Physics, School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}]},{"given":"Zhengyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Space Science and Applied Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005069928850","article-title":"Meteor Phenomena and Bodies","volume":"84","author":"Ceplecha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Space Sci. 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