{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T19:57:32Z","timestamp":1784145452422,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,16]],"date-time":"2023-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["322RC580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322RC580"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["ZDYF2022SHFZ111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2022SHFZ111"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province\u2019s key development plan project","award":["322RC580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322RC580"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province\u2019s key development plan project","award":["ZDYF2022SHFZ111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2022SHFZ111"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gross primary production (GPP) of the mangrove ecosystem determines the upper limit of the scale of its \u201cblue carbon\u201d sink. Tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most important extreme events that threaten the subtropical mangrove ecosystem and have a serious impact on mangrove ecosystem GPP. However, there are somewhat insufficient scientific findings on regional-scale mangrove ecosystem GPP responding to large-scale weather events such as TCs. Therefore, we selected the subtropical Hainan Island mangrove ecosystem, where more than two TCs pass through per year, as the research area; selected direct-attack TCs as the research object; and took the mangrove vegetation photosynthesis light-use efficiency model established based on the eddy covariance observation data as the tool to evaluate the loss and recovery of mangrove ecosystem GPP after TCs attacked at a regional scale. We found that the TC impacted the mangrove ecosystem GPP through the photosynthetic area and rate, and the recovery of the rate occurred prior to the recovery of the area; the loss of mangrove ecosystem GPP is inversely proportional to the distance to the center of the TC and the distance to the coastline; and the canopy height, diameter at breast height, and aspect where the tree stands significantly influence the response of the mangrove ecosystem GPP to TCs. However, the response varies for different mangrove community compositions, soil conditions, and planting densities as well as different frequencies and intensities of TCs, and they should be analyzed in detail. This study is expected to provide technical and data support for the protection of blue carbon in a subtropical island mangrove ecosystem in response to extreme events and post-disaster recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15082094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T02:02:59Z","timestamp":1681696979000},"page":"2094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Evaluating the Losses and Recovery of GPP in the Subtropical Mangrove Forest Directly Attacked by Tropical Cyclone: Case Study in Hainan Island"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Environment College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1175-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enliang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghe","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Environment College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Environment College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Environment College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"College of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Environment College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5099-5363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongyi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Environment College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118387","article-title":"The Asian tsunami: A protective role for coastal vegetation","volume":"310","author":"Danielsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s40641-015-0002-x","article-title":"The impact of climate change on mangrove forests","volume":"1","author":"Alongi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. 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