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The Karakoram region contains many surging glaciers, yet there are few comprehensive studies of multiple surge cycles. In this work, Landsat, topographic map, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), TerraSAR-X\/TanDEM-X, ITS_LIVE, and Sentinel-1 glacier velocity data were used to systematically analyze the characteristics of Kyagar Glacier since the 1970s. Three surging events were identified, with active phases in 1975\u20131978, 1995\u20131997, and 2014\u20132016. The timing of these surges was similar, with a cycle of 19\u201320 years, an active phase of 3\u20134 years, and a quiescent phase of 16\u201317 years. During the quiescent phase, a large amount of ice accumulates in the lower part of the accumulation zone, and the terminal of the tongue thins significantly. According to the most recent surge event (2014\u20132016), glacier flow accelerated suddenly in the active phase and reached a maximum velocity of 2 \u00b1 0.08 m d\u22121. Then, the glacier terminal thickened sharply, the reservoir zone thinned by 12 \u00b1 0.2 m, and the terminal receiving zone thickened by 28 \u00b1 0.2 m. The glacier may have entered a quiescent phase after July 2016. The glacier surge causes a large amount of material to transfer from upstream to downstream, forming an ice dam and creating conditions for a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF). At the termination of the active phase, the subglacial drainage channel became effective, triggering the GLOF. For a period of the quiescent phase, the glacier ablation intensifies and the GLOF repeats constantly. One surge caused 7\u20138 GLOFs, and then a continuous reduction in the ice dam elevation. Eventually, the ice dam disappeared, and the GLOF no longer continued before the next glacier-surging event.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15082113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T04:45:32Z","timestamp":1681706732000},"page":"2113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characterization of Three Surges of the Kyagar Glacier, Karakoram"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2160-8619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"}]},{"given":"Jinbiao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9625-7497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiyin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}]},{"given":"Qibing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Tourism, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China"}]},{"given":"Zongli","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, V.P., Singh, P., and Haritashya, U.K. (2011). 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