{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:17:48Z","timestamp":1762273068111,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006595","name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS\/CCCDI\u2014UEFISCDI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["416PED","PN19450103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["416PED","PN19450103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005802","name":"Geological Institute of Romania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["416PED","PN19450103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["416PED","PN19450103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the uncertainties caused by the misalignment between two digital elevation models in estimating landslide kinematics. The study focuses on the earthflow near the town of Chirle\u0219ti, located in the Bend Subcarpathians, Buz\u0103u County, Romania, which poses a high risk of blocking the DN10 national road. Four flights were conducted between 2018 and 2022 using a DJI Phantom 4 UAV using the same flight plan. Monte Carlo simulations were used to model uncertainty propagation of the DEM misalignments in the landslide kinematics analysis. The simulations were applied to the accuracy values of the structure from a motion process used to generate the digital elevation models. The degree of uncertainty was assessed using the displaced material\u2019s total amount in conjunction with the spatial correlation of the displaced material between two consecutive flights. The results revealed that the increase in the RMS values did not determine an increase in the displaced earth between two UAV flights. Instead, combining the RMS values and the correlation coefficient clearly indicated the correspondence between the spatial distribution of the displaced earth material and the overall changes reported between the two UAV flights. An RMS value of up to 1 unit associated with a correlation coefficient of 0.95 could be considered the maximum allowable error for estimating landslide kinematics across space and time. The current methodology is reliable when studying slow-movement landslides and when using short intervals between UAV flights. For rapid movements or significant terrain changes, such as translational and rotational landslides, careful analysis of the correlation coefficient in conjunction with the RMS values is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15082161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T01:42:39Z","timestamp":1681954959000},"page":"2161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Using UAV Time Series to Estimate Landslides\u2019 Kinematics Uncertainties, Case Study: Chirle\u0219ti Earthflow, Romania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9292-9479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionu\u021b","family":"\u0218andric","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Nicolae B\u0103lcescu, No. 1, 010041 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Institute for Research (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 010041 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6878-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu","family":"Irimia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Nicolae B\u0103lcescu, No. 1, 010041 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Institute for Research (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 010041 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7878-0305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viorel","family":"Ilinca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 010041 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Geological Institute of Romania, Caransebe\u015f Street, No. 1, 012271 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Zenaida","family":"Chi\u021bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 010041 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Meteorological Administration, 013686 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, 013686 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Ion","family":"Gheuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Institute of Romania, Caransebe\u015f Street, No. 1, 012271 Bucharest, Romania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Eckel, E.B. 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