{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T10:58:29Z","timestamp":1782989909009,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41975176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41975176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42061134009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42061134009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The understanding of the macro- and micro-structure, particle spectrum parameters, and their evolutions in different parts of stratocumulus clouds based on aircraft observation data, is important basic data for the development of cloud microphysical parameterization schemes and the quantitative retrieval of cloud-precipitation by radar and satellite detections. In this study, a total of ten vertical measurements during three aircraft observations were selected to analyze the vertical distribution of cloud microphysical properties in different parts of stratocumulus clouds in Hebei, North China. It was found that the downdraft in the cumulus cloud area was stronger than that in the stratiform cloud area, with the temperature at the same height higher than that in the stratiform cloud area, and the height of the 0 \u00b0C layers was correspondingly higher. In terms of particle spectrum parameters, the intercept and slope parameters of particle spectrum below melting levels in the cumulus part were higher than those in stratiform clouds area in the same weather process. In different vertical detection, it was found that the ice particles have begun to melt in the negative temperature layer near 0 \u00b0C level, and there might be sublimation, fragmentation, and aggregation in the melting process of ice phase particles. In addition, the melting process changed the spectral parameters greatly and also changed the correlation between the intercept and slope of the particle spectrum. The slope below the 0 \u00b0C level increased with the increase of intercept, which was greater than that above the 0 \u00b0C level. The relationship obtained between the intercept parameter of the particle\u2019s spectrum and temperature, and the correlation between the maximum diameter and slope parameter of the particle spectrum, have certain reference significance for cloud physical parameterization and the quantitative retrieval of cloud precipitation by radar and satellite in North China and similar climate background areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15082168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T04:53:59Z","timestamp":1681966439000},"page":"2168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Study on the Vertical Structure and the Evolution of Precipitation Particle Spectrum Parameters of Stratocumulus Clouds over North China Based on Aircraft Observation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9699-3788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6512-8676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-021-0287-8","article-title":"Aircraft Measurements of the Microphysical Properties of Stratiform Clouds with Embedded Convection","volume":"38","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. 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