{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T21:25:34Z","timestamp":1776893134638,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2020B0101130009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0101130009"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2020B121202019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B121202019"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["42271325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42271325"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["202206030005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202206030005"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["RDI2230201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDI2230201002"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing, Monitoring and Early Warning","award":["2020B0101130009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0101130009"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing, Monitoring and Early Warning","award":["2020B121202019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B121202019"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing, Monitoring and Early Warning","award":["42271325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42271325"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing, Monitoring and Early Warning","award":["202206030005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202206030005"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing, Monitoring and Early Warning","award":["RDI2230201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDI2230201002"]}]},{"name":"China Natural Science Funds","award":["2020B0101130009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0101130009"]}]},{"name":"China Natural Science Funds","award":["2020B121202019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B121202019"]}]},{"name":"China Natural Science Funds","award":["42271325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42271325"]}]},{"name":"China Natural Science Funds","award":["202206030005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202206030005"]}]},{"name":"China Natural Science Funds","award":["RDI2230201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDI2230201002"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Field R&amp;D Program","award":["2020B0101130009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0101130009"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Field R&amp;D Program","award":["2020B121202019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B121202019"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Field R&amp;D Program","award":["42271325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42271325"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Field R&amp;D Program","award":["202206030005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202206030005"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Field R&amp;D Program","award":["RDI2230201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDI2230201002"]}]},{"name":"GZPI Basic R&amp;D Program","award":["2020B0101130009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0101130009"]}]},{"name":"GZPI Basic R&amp;D Program","award":["2020B121202019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B121202019"]}]},{"name":"GZPI Basic R&amp;D Program","award":["42271325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42271325"]}]},{"name":"GZPI Basic R&amp;D Program","award":["202206030005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202206030005"]}]},{"name":"GZPI Basic R&amp;D Program","award":["RDI2230201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDI2230201002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Differential code bias (DCB) is one of the main errors involved in ionospheric total electron content (TEC) retrieval using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). It is typically assumed to be constant over time. However, this assumption is not always valid because receiver DCBs have long been known to exhibit apparent intraday variations. In this paper, a combined method is introduced to estimate the epoch-wise receiver DCB, which is divided into two parts: the receiver DCB at the initial epoch and its change with respect to the initial value. In the study, this method was proved feasible by subsequent experiments and was applied to analyze the possible reason for the intraday receiver DCB characteristics of 200 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations in 2014 (high solar activity) and 2017 (low solar activity). The results show that the proportion of intraday receiver DCB stability less than 1 ns increased from 72.5% in 2014 to 87% in 2017, mainly owing to the replacement of the receiver hardware in stations. Meanwhile, the intraday receiver DCB estimates in summer generally exhibited more instability than those in other seasons. Although more than 90% of the stations maintained an intraday receiver DCB stability within 2 ns, substantial variations with a peak-to-peak range of 5.78 ns were detected for certain stations, yielding an impact of almost 13.84 TECU on the TEC estimates. Moreover, the intraday variability of the receiver DCBs is related to the receiver environment temperature. Their correlation coefficient (greater than 0.5 in our analyzed case) increases with the temperature. By contrast, the receiver firmware version does not exert a great impact on the intraday variation characteristics of the receiver DCB in this case.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15082190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T01:33:43Z","timestamp":1682040823000},"page":"2190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Epoch-Wise Estimation and Analysis of GNSS Receiver DCB under High and Low Solar Activity Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510003, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing, Monitoring and Early Warning, Guangzhou 510003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linyuan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510003, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Urban Sensing, Monitoring and Early Warning, Guangzhou 510003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6091-3114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6826(99)00054-1","article-title":"New approaches in global ionospheric determination using ground GPS data","volume":"61","author":"Juan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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