{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T19:49:39Z","timestamp":1768852179916,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ASSAM\u2014Agenzia Servizi Settore Agroalimentare delle Marche","award":["0046740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0046740"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, advancements in remote and proximal sensing technology have driven innovation in environmental and land surveys. The integration of various geomatics devices, such as reflex and UAVs equipped with RGB cameras and mobile laser scanners (MLS), allows detailed and precise surveys of monumental trees. With these data fusion method, we reconstructed three monumental 3D tree models, allowing the computation of tree metric variables such as diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (TH), crown basal area (CBA), crown volume (CV) and wood volume (WV), even providing information on the tree shape and its overall conditions. We processed the point clouds in software such as CloudCompare, 3D Forest, R and MATLAB, whereas the photogrammetric processing was conducted with Agisoft Metashape. Three-dimensional tree models enhance accessibility to the data and allow for a wide range of potential applications, including the development of a tree information model (TIM), providing detailed data for monitoring tree health, growth, biomass and carbon sequestration. The encouraging results provide a basis for extending the virtualization of these monumental trees to a larger scale for conservation and monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15082197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T06:06:18Z","timestamp":1682057178000},"page":"2197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Geomatic Data Fusion for 3D Tree Modeling: The Case Study of Monumental Chestnut Trees"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3741-3621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Balestra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0134-0763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Tonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1713-2152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vitali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4879-1406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Urbinati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8893-9244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Frontoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Political Sciences, Communication and International Relations, Universit\u00e0 di Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9160-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Pierdicca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Construction, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1080\/19475705.2021.1964617","article-title":"Mobile 3D scan LiDAR: A literature review","volume":"12","author":"Chiappini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geomat. 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