{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:09:17Z","timestamp":1780675757768,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CityU Research","award":["9239059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9239059"]}]},{"name":"CityU Research","award":["2020YFB0204800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB0204800"]}]},{"name":"CityU Research","award":["T2125006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2125006"]}]},{"name":"CityU Research","award":["BM2022028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BM2022028"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Plan of China","award":["9239059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9239059"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Plan of China","award":["2020YFB0204800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB0204800"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Plan of China","award":["T2125006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2125006"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Plan of China","award":["BM2022028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BM2022028"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["9239059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9239059"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020YFB0204800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB0204800"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["T2125006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2125006"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["BM2022028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BM2022028"]}]},{"name":"the Jiangsu Innovation Capacity Building Program","award":["9239059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9239059"]}]},{"name":"the Jiangsu Innovation Capacity Building Program","award":["2020YFB0204800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB0204800"]}]},{"name":"the Jiangsu Innovation Capacity Building Program","award":["T2125006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2125006"]}]},{"name":"the Jiangsu Innovation Capacity Building Program","award":["BM2022028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BM2022028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The accurate detection of coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) is meaningful for environmental protection, while challenging. The CFPP is a complex combination of multiple components with varying layouts, unlike clearly defined single objects, such as vehicles. CFPPs are typically located in industrial districts with similar backgrounds, further complicating the detection task. To address this issue, we propose a MUltistage Recursive Enhanced Detection Network (MUREN) for accurate and efficient CFPP detection. The effectiveness of MUREN lies in the following: First, we design a symmetrically enhanced module, including a spatial-enhanced subnetwork (SEN) and a channel-enhanced subnetwork (CEN). SEN learns the spatial relationships to obtain spatial context information. CEN provides adaptive channel recalibration, restraining noise disturbance and highlighting CFPP features. Second, we use a recursive construction set on top of feature pyramid networks to receive features more than once, strengthening feature learning for relatively small CFPPs. We conduct comparative and ablation experiments in two datasets and apply MUREN to the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong province for CFPP detection. The comparative experiment results show that MUREN improves the mAP by 5.98% compared with the baseline method and outperforms by 4.57\u201321.38% the existing cutting-edge detection methods, which indicates the promising potential of MUREN in large-scale CFPP detection scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15082200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T06:54:19Z","timestamp":1682060059000},"page":"2200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["MUREN: MUltistage Recursive Enhanced Network for Coal-Fired Power Plant Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8942-0145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4403-593X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juepeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University\u2014Xi\u2019an Institute of Surveying and Mapping Joint Research Center for Next-Generation Smart Mapping, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-1945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lixian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University\u2014Xi\u2019an Institute of Surveying and Mapping Joint Research Center for Next-Generation Smart Mapping, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runmin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University\u2014Xi\u2019an Institute of Surveying and Mapping Joint Research Center for Next-Generation Smart Mapping, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray C. C.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haohuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University\u2014Xi\u2019an Institute of Surveying and Mapping Joint Research Center for Next-Generation Smart Mapping, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/500143a","article-title":"A low-carbon road map for China","volume":"500","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2020.11.008","article-title":"Determinants of carbon emission in China: How good is green investment?","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain. 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