{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T20:47:28Z","timestamp":1776890848935,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation of Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province","award":["AHL2021QN02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHL2021QN02"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province","award":["XDA17010104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA17010104"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province","award":["CXJJ-21S028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXJJ-21S028"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province","award":["22-NHLL-ZZKY-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-NHLL-ZZKY-005"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["AHL2021QN02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHL2021QN02"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA17010104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA17010104"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["CXJJ-21S028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXJJ-21S028"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["22-NHLL-ZZKY-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-NHLL-ZZKY-005"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["AHL2021QN02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHL2021QN02"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA17010104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA17010104"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["CXJJ-21S028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXJJ-21S028"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["22-NHLL-ZZKY-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-NHLL-ZZKY-005"]}]},{"name":"Special Project of Nanhu Laser Laboratory","award":["AHL2021QN02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHL2021QN02"]}]},{"name":"Special Project of Nanhu Laser Laboratory","award":["XDA17010104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA17010104"]}]},{"name":"Special Project of Nanhu Laser Laboratory","award":["CXJJ-21S028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXJJ-21S028"]}]},{"name":"Special Project of Nanhu Laser Laboratory","award":["22-NHLL-ZZKY-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-NHLL-ZZKY-005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Astronomical seeing is important for monitoring the atmospheric environment, observation scheduling and management, and selecting astronomical sites. This study first attempts to establish a near-global astronomical seeing map by employing the fifth European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ERA5) data combined with the estimated model. Then, some example sites\u2019 results from ERA5 were compared against the astronomical seeing results from the balloon-borne microthermal measurements and the differential image motion monitor (DIMM) instrument. The global astronomical seeing variations exhibit large spatial dependence. The best seeing areas are generally discerned over the mid-latitude regions, consistent with the regions of the European Southern Observatory and Tibetan Plateau. In addition, the astronomical seeing values of the Tibetan Plateau in spring are better than in the other seasons. The site results from ERA5 show that the astronomical seeing values of some example sites are generally consistent with the measurements. Overall, the global astronomical seeing map presented in this study can provide a reference and basis to further understand the astronomy site selection and optoelectronics equipment observation path selection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15092225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T02:06:11Z","timestamp":1682301971000},"page":"2225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Investigation of the Global Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Astronomical Seeing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Cuicui","family":"Bi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2456-1366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun","family":"Qing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianmei","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9959-2453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3086-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenyue","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ningquan","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tatarskii, V.I. 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