{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T08:00:04Z","timestamp":1782460804783,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41971152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971152"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U20A2089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A2089"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["XLK202103-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLK202103-2"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project","award":["41971152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971152"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project","award":["U20A2089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A2089"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project","award":["XLK202103-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLK202103-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ecosystem services (ES) are directly affected by land use and land cover changes (LUCC); however, the impacts of extended period LUCC on ES are poorly explored. Here, we mapped the 1998\u20132019 annual land use and land cover in the Dongting Lake Region (China) and explored the spatiotemporal evolution of LUCC and landscape patterns (i.e., composition, shape, and aggregation) and their relationship with ES, including carbon storage, gross primary production (GPP), water conservation capacity, and crop yield in the region. The results showed a significant increase in forest areas and impervious surfaces and a decrease in croplands and bare lands with spatial heterogeneity. Carbon storage was strongly correlated with forest, cropland, waterbody, impervious surface, and bare land, and there was a nonlinear relationship between landscape patterns and ES. The trade-offs and synergies (correlations) among ES varied considerably, with crop yield being significantly synergistic with carbon stocks, GPP, or GPP with carbon stocks. This study revealed the nonlinear relationship between landscape patterns and ES, and the mechanism of landscape characteristics on ES. The findings can provide scientific support for regional land use planning, ES regulation, and landscape optimization in the lake region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15092228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T02:06:11Z","timestamp":1682301971000},"page":"2228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Impact of Land Use and Landscape Pattern on Ecosystem Services in the Dongting Lake Region, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jianlun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuguang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5486-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4279-0226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiqiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuailong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baojing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaozhen","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangmeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6393-3719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024008","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab5aab","article-title":"Global ecosystem service values in climate class transitions","volume":"15","author":"Watson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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