{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T23:46:46Z","timestamp":1769384806766,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["2019QZKK030701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK030701"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["61731022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61731022"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["XDA19090300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19090300"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019QZKK030701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK030701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61731022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61731022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDA19090300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19090300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2019QZKK030701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK030701"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["61731022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61731022"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA19090300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19090300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a vital land cover type, impervious surface directly reflects human activities and urbanization, significantly impacting the environment, climate, and biodiversity, especially in ecologically fragile areas such as the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau (QTP) in China. Thus, precise knowledge of impervious surface information on the QTP is essential for its ecological protection and social development. In order to improve the application of products and inform further studies, we assessed the accuracy of seven medium resolution (10\u201330 m) impervious surface products in the QTP, including GAIA, CISC, GlobalLand30 (GL30), GLC-FCS30 (FCS30), GHS-BUILT-S2 (GHSB), ESA WorldCover10 (WC10), and Dynamic World NRT products (DW). The validation set labeled according to domestic GF-1 images was used to calculate the precision, recall, and F1-Score of these products, and two impervious surface vote maps were generated to analyze their spatial consistency. The results showed that CISC and DW had the highest overall quality among the 30 m and 10 m products, with F1-Scores of 0.5701 and 0.5670, respectively. We also validated the accuracy of different data combinations and their intersection and union sets to provide guidance based on the results for data selection in impervious surface studies on the QTP. For results calculated by the strict validation set, which was exclusive of mixed grids, precision decreased slightly while recall increased significantly for all products, indicating that the omissions were mostly mixed pixels with a smaller percentage of impervious surface. In terms of spatial consistency, the maximum impervious surface range voted by the seven products jointly only accounts for 0.82% of the QTP, which is 2,786,800 km2 in total. Additionally, the high consistency area (votes &gt; 4), with a distribution concentrated in large cities and dense buildings, only accounts for 15.18% of this maximum range. In summary, each product\u2019s regional accuracy in the QTP was lower than their published accuracy, and they omitted many impervious surfaces, especially those with a background of bare land.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15092366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:10:03Z","timestamp":1682943003000},"page":"2366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Comparison of Seven Medium Resolution Impervious Surface Products on the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, China from a User\u2019s Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kaiyuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Guojin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5594-0815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranyu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Guizhou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3572-4415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tengfei","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16083","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1211658109","article-title":"Global Forecasts of Urban Expansion to 2030 and Direct Impacts on Biodiversity and Carbon Pools","volume":"109","author":"Seto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. 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