{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:07:32Z","timestamp":1760148452396,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian Agencies National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["Finance Code 001 (Pr\u00f3-Defesa IV)","#2020\/09838-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001 (Pr\u00f3-Defesa IV)","#2020\/09838-0"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001 (Pr\u00f3-Defesa IV)","#2020\/09838-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001 (Pr\u00f3-Defesa IV)","#2020\/09838-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001 (Pr\u00f3-Defesa IV)","#2020\/09838-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001 (Pr\u00f3-Defesa IV)","#2020\/09838-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a statistical analysis of intensity wavelength-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) difference images. In this analysis, Anderson Darling goodness-of-fit tests are performed, considering two different statistical distributions as candidates for modeling the clutter-plus-noise, i.e., the background statistics. The results show that the Gamma distribution is a good fit for the background of the tested SAR images, especially when compared with the Exponential distribution. Based on the results of this statistical analysis, a change detection application for the detection of concealed targets is presented. The adequate selection of the background distribution allows for the evaluated change detection method to achieve a better performance in terms of probability of detection and false alarm rate, even when compared with competitive performance change detection methods in the literature. For instance, in an experimental evaluation considering a data set obtained by the Coherent All Radio Band Sensing (CARABAS) II UWB SAR system, the evaluated change detection method reached a detection probability of 0.981 for a false alarm rate of 1\/km2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15092401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T02:08:42Z","timestamp":1683252522000},"page":"2401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Statistical Analysis for Intensity Wavelength-Resolution SAR Difference Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1595-2392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Henrique","family":"Mittmann Voigt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunications Engineering, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Alegrete 97546-550, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5443-6446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimas","family":"Irion Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications, Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12228-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4058-7929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cr\u00edstian","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telecommunications Engineering, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Alegrete 97546-550, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0856-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications, Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12228-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9267-6718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Pedroso","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications, Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12228-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Viet Thuy","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH), 37179 Karlskrona, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6643-312X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mats I.","family":"Pettersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH), 37179 Karlskrona, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1109\/36.842001","article-title":"Estimation of forest parameters using CARABAS-II VHF SAR data","volume":"38","author":"Fransson","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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