{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T15:03:08Z","timestamp":1782572588637,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program","award":["2022xjkk0106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xjkk0106"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ecosystem services (ESs) are crucial for sustainable development, as they impact human well-being. However, changes in land use\/land cover (LULC) caused by climate change and social development can negatively affect ESs, particularly in arid river basins. This study focuses on current and future changes in LULC in the Kaxghar River Basin (KRB) in Xinjiang, China, to determine how these changes will affect the region\u2019s ESs. The integrated PLUS-InVEST model was used to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution and changing patterns of habitat quality (HQ) and carbon storage (CS) under the natural increase scenario (NIS), economic development scenario (EDS), and water protection scenario (WPS). Additionally, the Ecosystem Service Contribution Index (ESCI) was also calculated to evaluate the contribution of LULC changes to ESs. The results show the following: (1) from 2000 to 2020, the average value of HQ in the KRB gradually decreased from 0.54 to 0.49 and CS trended slightly upward, with a total increase of 0.07 \u00d7 106 t. Furthermore, the changes in CS were highly consistent with changes in LULC. (2) From 2020 to 2030, the area of low-grade (0\u20130.2) HQ saw a continuous increase, with the fastest growth occurring in 2030 under the EDS. Meanwhile, under the WPS, HQ significantly improved, expanding by 1238 km2 in area. Total CS under the three test scenarios tended to decline, with the NIS showing the smallest decrease. (3) The expansion of cropland and unused land had a negative impact on ESs, particularly on CS, whereas the conversion to grassland and forestland had a significant positive impact. In conclusion, these insights will enrich our understanding of ESs in the study area and contribute to balancing the relationship between ecological conservation and socioeconomic development in the Kaxghar River Basin, as well as in other parts of China\u2019s arid Northwest and similar regions around the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15092476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T01:06:28Z","timestamp":1683594388000},"page":"2476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Dynamic Evolution and Scenario Simulation of Ecosystem Services under the Impact of Land-Use Change in an Arid Inland River Basin in Xinjiang, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7715-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zulipiya","family":"Kulaixi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaning","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yupeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6043-3463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.09.008","article-title":"Twenty years of ecosystem services: How far have we come and how far do we still need to go?","volume":"28","author":"Costanza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2018.02.009","article-title":"Ecosystem services supply and demand assessment: Why social-ecological dynamics matter","volume":"30","author":"Mehring","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.108511","article-title":"Ecosystem services assessment and sensitivity analysis based on ANN model and spatial data: A case study in Miaodao Archipelago","volume":"135","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends, Island Press."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.05.031","article-title":"Changes in land-use and ecosystem services in the Guangzhou-Foshan Metropolitan Area, China from 1990 to 2010: Implications for sustainability under rapid urbanization","volume":"93","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.108760","article-title":"Spatial-temporal evolution of ecosystem services and its potential drivers: A geospatial perspective from Bairin Left Banner, China","volume":"137","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/387253a0","article-title":"The value of the world\u2019s ecosystem services and natural capital","volume":"387","author":"Costanza","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154967","article-title":"Impacts of land use\/land cover changes on ecosystem services in ecologically fragile regions","volume":"831","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2020.105231","article-title":"Dynamics of spatial relationships among ecosystem services and their determinants: Implications for land use system reform in Northwestern China","volume":"102","author":"Lyu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120424","article-title":"Examining effects of climate change and land use dynamic on biophysical and economic values of ecosystem services of a natural reserve region","volume":"257","author":"Sannigrahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.05.027","article-title":"Land use\/land cover changes and its impact on ecosystem services in ecologically fragile zone: A case study of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, China","volume":"104","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, X., Li, Q., Yue, Y., Liao, C., Zhai, L., Zhang, X., Wang, K., Zhang, C., Zhang, M., and Xiong, Y. (2021). Rural\u2013Urban Migration and Conservation Drive the Ecosystem Services Improvement in China Karst: A Case Study of HuanJiang County, Guangxi. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13040566"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2021.104982","article-title":"Mapping water ecosystem services: Evaluating InVEST model predictions in data scarce regions","volume":"138","author":"Benra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2021.101295","article-title":"Trade-offs between local farmers\u2019 demand for ecosystem services and ecological restoration of the Loess Plateau, China","volume":"49","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2020.125621","article-title":"Modelling the impacts of climate and land use change on water security in a semi-arid forested watershed using InVEST","volume":"593","author":"Daneshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137083","article-title":"Scale effects on the relationships between land characteristics and ecosystem services- a case study in Taihu Lake Basin, China","volume":"716","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.126","article-title":"Quantifying ecosystem services supply and demand shortfalls and mismatches for management optimisation","volume":"650","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106494","article-title":"Spatial-temporal variation and tradeoffs\/synergies analysis on multiple ecosystem services: A case study in the Three-River Headwaters region of China","volume":"116","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2019.04.022","article-title":"Impact of land use change on multiple ecosystem services in the rapidly urbanizing Kunshan City of China: Past trajectories and future projections","volume":"85","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.114835","article-title":"Driving factors of ecosystem services and their spatiotemporal change assessment based on land use types in the Loess Plateau","volume":"311","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.107225","article-title":"Spatiotemporal changes in ecosystem services in the conservation priorities of the southern hill and mountain belt, China","volume":"122","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143167","article-title":"Land-use zoning management to protecting the Regional Key Ecosystem Services: A case study in the city belt along the Chaobai River, China","volume":"762","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125316","article-title":"Spatio-temporal changes in water-related ecosystem services provision and trade-offs with food production","volume":"286","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.108499","article-title":"Dynamic simulation of land use change and assessment of carbon storage based on climate change scenarios at the city level: A case study of Bortala, China","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154483","article-title":"Assessing impacts of the Ecological Retreat project on water conservation in the Yellow River Basin","volume":"828","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, F., Fu, M., Wang, L., Song, W., Yu, J., and Wu, Y. (2021). Dynamic evolution and scenario simulation of habitat quality under the impact of land-use change in the Huaihe River Economic Belt, China. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249566"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134687","article-title":"Identification of ecosystem service bundles and driving factors in Beijing and its surrounding areas","volume":"711","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111101","article-title":"Future scenarios impact on land use change and habitat quality in Lithuania","volume":"197","author":"Gomes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.126844","article-title":"Relative contributions of climate and land-use change to ecosystem services in arid inland basins","volume":"298","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.132175","article-title":"Effects of land use change on ecosystem services in the China\u2013Mongolia\u2013Russia economic corridor","volume":"360","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140126","article-title":"Integrating ecosystem services value and uncertainty into regional ecological risk assessment: A case study of Hubei Province, Central China","volume":"740","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153015","article-title":"Trade-off among grain production, animal husbandry production, and habitat quality based on future scenario simulations in Xilinhot","volume":"817","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127321","article-title":"Evaluating the potential impacts of land use changes on ecosystem service value under multiple scenarios in support of SDG reporting: A case study of the Wuhan urban agglomeration","volume":"307","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2020.101569","article-title":"Understanding the drivers of sustainable land expansion using a patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model: A case study in Wuhan, China","volume":"85","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2022.127811","article-title":"Evaluating potential impacts of land use changes on water supply\u2013demand under multiple development scenarios in dryland region","volume":"610","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Zhang, J., Xiong, N., Liang, B., Wang, Z., and Cressey, E.L. (2022). Spatial and Temporal Variation, Simulation and Prediction of Land Use in Ecological Conservation Area of Western Beijing. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14061452"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, M.R., Almeida, A.M., Quintela-Sabar\u00eds, C., Roque, N., Fernandez, P., and Ribeiro, M.M. (2021). The role of littoral cliffs in the niche delimitation on a microendemic plant facing climate change. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258976"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, F., Chen, Y.N., Li, Z., Fang, G.H., Li, Y.P., and Xia, Z.H. (2019). Assessment of the Irrigation Water Requirement and Water Supply Risk in the Tarim River Basin, Northwest China. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11184941"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2020.125644","article-title":"Evolution characteristics of groundwater and its response to climate and land-cover changes in the oasis of dried-up river in Tarim Basin","volume":"594","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.105826","article-title":"Spatiotemporal characteristics in ecosystem service value and its interaction with human activities in Xinjiang, China","volume":"110","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maimaiti, B., Chen, S., Kasimu, A., Mamat, A., Aierken, N., and Chen, Q. (2022). Coupling and Coordination Relationships between Urban Expansion and Ecosystem Service Value in Kashgar City. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14112557"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116182","article-title":"The impacts of cropland balance policy on habitat quality in China: A multiscale administrative perspective","volume":"323","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.109707","article-title":"Spatiotemporal change of habitat quality in Hainan Island of China based on changes in land use","volume":"145","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157491","article-title":"Projections of land use change and habitat quality assessment by coupling climate change and development patterns","volume":"847","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2022.106119","article-title":"Spatio-temporal variation and coupling coordination relationship between urbanisation and habitat quality in the Grand Canal, China","volume":"117","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116505","article-title":"Habitat quality dynamics in China\u2019s first group of national parks in recent four decades: Evidence from land use and land cover changes","volume":"325","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.109632","article-title":"Temporal and spatial variation analysis of habitat quality on the PLUS-InVEST model for Ebinur Lake Basin, China","volume":"145","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.109544","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of urban expansion on the habitat quality and constructing ecological security patterns: A case study of Jiziwan in the Yellow River Basin, China","volume":"145","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2012.12.001","article-title":"Quantifying and mapping multiple ecosystem services change in West Africa","volume":"165","author":"Leh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, L., Sun, C., and Fan, F. (2021). Estimating the characteristic spatiotemporal variation in habitat quality using the invest model\u2014A case study from Guangdong\u2013Hong Kong\u2013Macao Greater Bay Area. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13051008"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106654","article-title":"Impacts of urbanization and landscape pattern on habitat quality using OLS and GWR models in Hangzhou, China","volume":"117","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2022.106057","article-title":"An integrated tele-coupling analysis for requisition\u2013compensation balance and its influence on carbon storage in China","volume":"116","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106803","article-title":"Impacts of ecological restoration projects on the ecosystem carbon storage of inland river basin in arid area, China","volume":"118","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106708","article-title":"Increase or decrease? Integrating the CLUMondo and InVEST models to assess the impact of the implementation of the Major Function Oriented Zone planning on carbon storage","volume":"118","author":"Nie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107770","article-title":"Land-use changes lead to a decrease in carbon storage in arid region, China","volume":"127","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155238","article-title":"Land use\/land cover prediction and analysis of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River under different scenarios","volume":"833","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.108828","article-title":"The ecosystem service values simulation and driving force analysis based on land use\/land cover: A case study in inland rivers in arid areas of the Aksu River Basin, China","volume":"138","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.108642","article-title":"Landscape ecological risk projection based on the PLUS model under the localized shared socioeconomic pathways in the Fujian Delta region","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.108176","article-title":"Scenario simulation of ecological risk based on land use\/cover change\u2014A case study of the Jinghe county, China","volume":"131","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107967","article-title":"Evolution of habitat quality and association with land-use changes in mountainous areas: A case study of the Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province, China","volume":"129","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.108524","article-title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of the relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment in the Kashgar metropolitan area, China","volume":"135","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859618000357","article-title":"Variation in agricultural water demand and its attributions in the arid Tarim River Basin","volume":"156","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113408","article-title":"Integrating ecosystem services modeling into effectiveness assessment of national protected areas in a typical arid region in China","volume":"297","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, J., Song, H., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., and Liu, J. (2018). Climate-dependence of ecosystem services in a nature reserve in northern China. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192727"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940082919878827","DOI":"10.1177\/1940082919878827","article-title":"Assessment of habitat quality and landscape connectivity for forest-dependent cracids in the Sierra Madre del Sur Mesoamerican biological corridor, Mexico","volume":"12","author":"Ocampo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop. Conserv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.128718","article-title":"Spatial Differentiation and Driving Mechanisms in Ecosystem Service Value of Arid Region: A case study in the middle and lower reaches of Shule River Basin, NW China","volume":"319","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darbalaeva, D., Mikheeva, A., Sanzheev, E., Zhamyanov, D., Osodoev, P., and Batomunkuev, V. (2022). Ecosystem Service\u2019 Assessment of the Desertification Areas of Mongolia. Earth Syst. Environ., 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1007\/s41748-021-00285-8"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8342","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2019.1608392","article-title":"Loss of terrestrial water storage in the Tianshan mountains from 2003 to 2015","volume":"40","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.105997","article-title":"Climate change may accelerate the decline of desert riparian forest in the lower Tarim River, Northwestern China: Evidence from tree-rings of Populus euphratica","volume":"111","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2020.104957","article-title":"Land use changes in the coastal zone of China\u2019s Hebei Province and the corresponding impacts on habitat quality","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031859","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1031859","article-title":"The effects of landscape change on habitat quality in arid desert areas based on future scenarios: Tarim River Basin as a case study","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.108328","article-title":"Multi-scenario simulation of ecosystem service value for optimization of land use in the Sichuan-Yunnan ecological barrier, China","volume":"132","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/9\/2476\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:31:28Z","timestamp":1760124688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/9\/2476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15092476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15092476","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]}}}