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In this study, the spatiotemporal evolution of an urban agglomeration was quantified and its impacts on the urban and regional landscape patterns were evaluated. It showed that the urbanized land area of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration (PRDUA) in China nearly quadrupled, having linearly increased from 1819.8 km2 to 7092.2 km2 between 1985 and 2015. The average annual growth rate presented a bimodal wave-like pattern through time, indicating that the PRDUA has witnessed two rounds of the urbanization process. The growth modes (e.g., leapfrog, edge-expansion, infilling) were detected and they exhibited co-existing but alternating dominating patterns during urbanization, demonstrating that the spatiotemporal evolution of the urban development of the PRDUA follows the \u201cspiral diffusion-coalescence\u201d hypothesis. The morphology of the PRDUA presented an alternating dispersal-compact pattern over time. The city-level and regional-level landscape patterns changed synchronously with the spatiotemporal evolution of the PRDUA over time. The urbanization of the PRDUA increased both the complexity and aggregation of the landscape, but also resulted in an increasing fragmentation and decreasing connectivity of the natural landscape in the Pearl River Delta region. These findings are helpful for better understanding how urban agglomerations evolve and in providing insights for regional urban planning and sustainable land management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15102520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T03:22:19Z","timestamp":1683775339000},"page":"2520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Agglomeration and Its Impact on Landscape Patterns in the Pearl River Delta, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Caiyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"},{"name":"Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Rudower Ch 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4242-7614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}]},{"given":"Minghao","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Huirong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Investment Consulting Group Ltd., Economic Development Research Institute, Shanghai 200003, China"}]},{"given":"Linke","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai 200232, China"}]},{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4099-4906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Conghe","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4065-5194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmar","family":"Haase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Rudower Ch 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8452-8029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s42949-021-00027-9","article-title":"Mapping the benefits of nature in cities with the InVEST software","volume":"1","author":"Hamel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Npj Urban Sustain."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.02.014","article-title":"Urban agglomeration: An evolving concept of an emerging phenomenon","volume":"162","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landsc. 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